Alteromonas

Other interesting examples of proteases that exhibit promiscuous behavior are proline dipeptidase from Alteromonas sp. JD6.5, whose original activity is to cleave a dipeptide bond with a prolyl residue at the carboxy terminus [121, 122] and aminopeptidase P (AMPP) from E. coli, which is a prohne-specific peptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-terminal peptide bonds containing a proline residue [123, 124]. Both enzymes exhibit phosphotriesterase activity. This means that they are capable of catalyzing the reaction that does not exist in nature. It is of particular importance, since they can hydrolyze unnatural substrates - triesters of phosphoric acid and diesters of phosphonic acids - such as organophosphorus pesticides or organophosphoms warfare agents (Scheme 5.25) [125]. 

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) are potent sodium channel blockers that are found in phylogenetically diverse species of marine life. The wide distribution of TTX and STX has resulted in speculation that bacteria are the source of these toxins. Recently, investigators have reported isolation of marine bacteria, including Vibrio Alteromonas, Plesiomonas, and Pseudomonas species, that produce TTX and STX. This chapter details the methods and results of research to define bacterial sources of TTX and STX. 

Alteromonas species producing sodium channel blockers, 80r,82 Anabaena flos-aquae neurotoxins, 88 toxic principle, 108 Analyses, definition, 43 Anatoxin(s) isolation, 88 types, 88,91 Anatoxin a... 

Lovley DR, EJP Phillips, DJ Lonergan (1989) Hydrogen and formate oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese by Alteromonas putrefaciens. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 700-706. 

DeFrank 11, WT Beaudry, T-C Cheng, SP Harvey, AN Stroup, LL Szafraniec (1993) Screening of halophiliuc bacteria and Alteromonas species for organophosphorus hydrolyzing enzyme activity. Chem-Biol Interact 87 141-148. 

Seelye RJ, Yearbury BJ. 1979. Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica-TQSQmbhng organisms and Alteromonas putrefaciens from vacuum-packed chilled beef cuts. J Appl Bacteriol 46 493-499. 

Another unique example was observed for the recently isolated marine natural product, alteramide A (209), isolated from a symbiotic bacteria (Alteromonas sp.) found on the sponge Halichondria okaclai96. It was found that the tetraene core of this compound underwent intramolecular [4 + 4]-photocycloaddition upon exposure to sunlight (equation 9). Deliberate irradiation led to a quantitative conversion to cyclooctadiene 210. 

Michel, G., Chantalat, L., Fanchon, E., Henrissat, B., Kloareg, B., and Dideberg, O. (2001). The iota-carrageenase of Alteromonas fortis. A beta-helix fold-containing enzyme for the degradation of a highly polyanionic polysaccharide. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 40202-40209. 

Geesy, G. G., Bremer, P. J., Smith, J. J., Muegge, M. and Jang, L. K. (1992). Two-phase model for describing the interactions between copper ions and exopolymers from Alteromonas atlantica, Can. J. Microbiol., 38, 785-793. 

Semple KM, Westlake DWS. 1987. Characterization of iron-reducing Alteromonas putrefaciens strain oil field fluids. Can J Microbiol 33 366-71. 

Suzuki, S., Noda, J. and Takama, K., (1990). Growth and polyamine production of Alteromonas spp. in fish meat under modified atmosphere, Bull. Fac. Fish Flokkaido Univ., 41, 213. 

Alterobactin A is a cyclodepsipeptide from Alteromonas luteoviolacea, with A -DHB-(4S),8-diamino-(3/ )-hydroxy-octanolyl-D-Ser-Gly-L-Arg-L-f/ireo-3-hydroxy-Asp-Gly-L-f/treo-3-hydroxy-Asp having an ester bond between the C-terminal carboxyl group and Ser. It is accompanied by its hydrolysis product alterobactin B (Fig. 8, 26, 27) (298). Alterobactin A forms a 1 1 complex with Fe " with an... 

Bisucaberin (48) from Alteromonas haloplanktis (181) is a cyclic dimer of succinyl-((V-hydroxycadaverin) (348) cf. the cyclic trimer proferrioxamine E (Table 6). 

Holt PD, Reid RR, Lewis BL, Luther GW m, Butler A (2005) Iron(III) Coordination Chemistry of Alterobactin A a Siderophore from the Marine Bacterium Alteromonas luteoviolacea. Inorg Chem 44 7671... 

Within the operationally defined marine bacteria , i.e., bacteria isolated from marine samples on marine media, bioactive compounds have been reported from Pseudoalteromonas, Cytophaga, Alteromonas, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas or from unidentified bacteria (Fig. 2). 

Isatin/making a refugee for shrimps alkal. H isatin marine Alteromonas sp., Bact. 

Hoffinann-La Roche) marine fomentation of Alteromonas f. putrefaciens, Bact. (Sagami). 

Molecular biology proteases/ terrestrial only from Sigma 2000 proteins/used in cloning Streptomyces spp., Actinom. also marine Alteromonas spp., Bact. Domoto 1994, and shipworm Bact. Griffin 1992... 

Domoto, N. Kasutoori, U. Tanaka, H. Miki, W. (1994) Protease, its manufacture with Alteromonas, and Aheromonas microorganisms. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP Patent 06 38,749,15 Feb. to Kaiyo Bio Tech Lab. Chem. Abstr., 1994,120, 318322L... 

Hirayae, K. Hirata, A. Akutsu, K. Hara, S. Havukkala, I. Nishizawa, Y. Hibi, T. (1996)/n vitro growth inhibition of plant pathog ic fungi, Botrytis spp., by Escherichia coli transformed with a chitinolytic enzyme gene from a marine bactmum, Alteromonas sp. Strain 79401. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn., 62, 30-6. 

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