Roots altered

The ability of ozone to indirectly alter root growth can be shown by the use of root exudates. Root exudates from fescue plants exposed to a single ozone dose (590 yg/m for 2 hr) inhibited the top and root growth of ladino clover and also reduced nodule numbers (Table V) (20),... 

Schmidt, W., Santi, S., Pinton, R., and Varanini, Z. (2007). Water-extractable humic substances alter root development and epidermal cell pattern in Arabidopsis. Plant Soil 300,... 

Watson, M.B., Emory, K.K., Piatak, R.M., and Malmberg, R.L., Arginine decarboxylase (polyamine synthesis) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit altered root growth, Plant J., 13, 231-239, 1998. 

Fransson, P. M. A., Taylor, A. F. S. Finlay, R. D. (2001). Elevated atmospheric CO2 alters root symbiotic community structure in forest trees. New Phytologist, 152, 431-42. 

Altered roots These are produced upon flooding, and are morphologically different from original roots. For example, in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) the new roots produced are more succulent and clearer in appearance than original roots. 

Woo, H.H. et al. (2007) Modifying expression of closely related UDP-glycosyltransferases from pea saA Arabidopsis results in altered root development and function. Physiol Plant. 130,250-260... 

The fatty acid composition of mature seed (with seed coat removed) from either napin-MCTE or 35S-MCTE transformed Brassica was determined using GC analysis. Wild type Brassica seed contains approximately 60 mol% oleate (18 1) and 30 mol% linoleate (18 2) whereas seed from plants transformed with the napin-MCTE construct produced approximately 50 mol% laurate (12 0), 20 mol% 18 1 and 10 mol% 18 2. A less striking difference was seen in 35S-MCTE transformants which produced a maximum of 7 mol% 12 0 in seeds. The 35S-MCTE transformation event had no effect on leaf fetty acid profile nor did it significantly alter root fetty acid composition. 

The indirect pathway by which air pollutants interact with plants is through the root system. Deposition of air pollutants on soils and surface waters can cause alteration of the nutrient content of the soil in the vicinity of the plant. This change in soil condition can lead to indirect or secondary effects of air pollutants on vegetation and plants. 

Its ester value was 41-2, atiil enter value alter acetylation 63 J. Schimmel f. o.- have examined the oil obtained from cardatnoiri roots from Indo-Cbina. They ohtain-J 0 04 ptv ueni. of oil haviug the following characters 0"9(>0li ud -. 12 57 iicrm- l 4nlo I acid value... 

September, 1905, the flowering completed. The percentage of essential oil in the roots has increased still further a slight increase has taken place in the stems no alteration is noticed in the leaves, and a diminution has taken place in the inflorescence. 

Damage to epicuticular waxes Altered photosynthesis Increased water loss Accumulation of acidic anions Leaching of ions, sugars, etc. Mineral imbalances Altered metabolism Increased susceptibility to winter freezing injury Death of fine roots Destabilization of trees Reduced water/mineral uptake Reduced water uptake Cations leached below roots Accumulation of acidic anions Altered structure/texture Altered microflora Reduced litter decomposition Altered N transformations Solubilization of metal ions... 

Table 4. Wheat root seedling elongation (30 replicates), tip turgor pressure (4 mm, >10 replicates) and tip tensiometric plasticity (2-7 mm, >10 replicates) following various growth altering treatments...

Jung H, Toth PT, White PA, Miller RJ (2008) Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 functions as a neuromodulator in dorsal root ganglia neurons. J Neurochem 104 254-263 Kahn L, Alonso G, Normand E, Manzoni OJ (2005) Repeated morphine treatment alters polysia-lylated neural cell adhesion molecule, glutamate decarboxylase-67 expression and ceU proliferation in the adult rat hippocampus. Em J Nemosci 21 493-500 Kaul M, Ma Q, Medders KE, Desai MK, Lipton SA (2007) HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 both mediate neuronal cell death but CCR5 paradoxically can also contribute to protection. Cell Death Differ (2) 296-305... 

Hempel, J. and Bohm, H., Betaxanthin pattern of hairy roots from Beta vulgaris var. lutea and its alteration by feeding of amino acids. Phytochemistry, 44, 847, 1997. 

Freshour G., R. P. Clay, M. S. Fuller, P. Albersheim, A. Darvill and M. G. Hahn. (1995). Developmental and tissue-specific structural alterations of the cell wall poysaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Plant Physiology 110 1413-1429. 

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