Alpha-synuclein

Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, Pike B, Root H, Rubenstein J, Boyer R, Stenroos ES, Chandrasekharappa S, Athanassiadou A, Papapetropoulos T, Johnson WG, Lazzarini AM, Duvoisin RC, Di Iorio G, Golbe LI, Nussbaum RL. Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson s disease. Science 1997 276 2045-2047. 

Polymeropoulos MH. Autosomal dominant Parkinson s disease and alpha-synuclein. Ann Neurol 1998 44 S63-S64. 

Baba M, Nakajo S, Tu PH, Tomita T, Nakaya K, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Iwatsubo T. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Am J Pathol 1998 152 879-884. 

Narhi L, Wood SJ, Steavenson S, Jiang Y, Wu GM, Anafi D, Kaufman SA, Martin F, Sitney K, Denis P, Louis JC, Wypych J, Biere AL, Citron M. Both familial Parkinson s disease mutations accelerate alpha-synuclein aggregation. J Biol Chem 1999 274 9843-9846. 

Rub U., Del Tredici K., Schultz C. et al (2002). Parkinson s disease the thalamic components of the limbic loop are severely impaired by alpha-synuclein immunopositive inclusion body pathology. Neurobiol. Aging 23, 245-54. 

Klucken, J., Outeiro, T. F., Nguyen, P., McLean, P. J. and Hyman, B. T. (2006). Detection of novel intracellular alpha-synuclein oligomeric species by fluorescence lifetime imaging. FASEB J. 20, 2050-7. 

McLean, P. J., Kawamata, H., Ribich, S. and Hyman, B. T. (2000). Membrane association and protein conformation of alpha-synuclein in intact neurons. Effect of Parkinson s disease-linked mutations. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 8812-6. 

Alafuzoff I, Parkkinen L, Al-Sarraj S, et al. Assessment of [alpha]-synuclein pathology a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium. I. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2008 67 125-143. 

Polymeropoulos, M. H., Lavedan, C., Leroy, E. etal. Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson s disease. Science 276 2045-2047,1997. 

Chartier-Harlin, M. C., Kachergus, J., Roumier, C. etal. Alpha-synuclein locus duplication as a cause of familial Parkinson s disease. Lancet 364 1167-1169, 2004. 

Singleton, A. B., Farrer, M., Johnson, J. et al. alpha-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson s disease. Science 302 841,2003. 

Farrer, M., Kachergus, J., Forno, L. etal. Comparison of kindreds with parkinsonism and alpha-synuclein genomic multiplications. Ann. Neurol. 55 174-179,2004. 

Ibanez, P., Bonnet, A. M., Debarges, B. et al. Causal relation between alpha-synuclein gene duplication and familial Parkinson s disease. Lancet 364 1169-1171,2004. 

Farrer, M., Maraganore, D. M., Lockhart, P. etal. alpha-Synuclein gene haplotypes are associated with Parkinson s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 1847-1851,2001. 

Petrucelli, L., O Farrell, C., Lockhart, P. J. etal. Parkin protects against the toxicity associated with mutant alpha-synuclein proteasome dysfunction selectively affects cate-cholaminergic neurons. Neuron 36 1007-1019,2002. 

Hamilton, R. L. Lewy bodies in Alzheimer s disease a neuro-pathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Brain Pathol. 10 378-384,2000. 

Goedert, M. Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 2 492-501, 2001. 

Outeiro, T.F. and Lindquist, S. Yeast cells provide insight into alpha-synuclein biology and pathobiology. Science 302 1772-1775, 2003. 

Der-Sarkissian, A., Jao, C. C., Chen, J., and Langen, R. (2003). Structural organization of alpha-synuclein fibrils studied by site-directed spin labeling. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 37530-37535. 

Conway, K. A., Harper, J. D., and Lansbury, P. T. (1998). Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant alpha-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease. Nat. Med. 4, 1318-1320. 

Davidson, W. S., Jonas, A., Clayton, D. F., and George, J. M. (1998). Stabilization of alpha-synuclein secondary structure upon binding to synthetic membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 9443-9449. 

Heise, H., Hoyer, W., Becker, S., Andronesi, O. C., Riedel, D., and Baldus, M. (2005). Molecular-level secondary structure, polymorphism, and dynamics of full-length alpha-synuclein fibrils studied by solid-state NMR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. USA 102,... 

Lashuel, H. A., Petre, B. M., Wall, J., Simon, M., Nowak, R. J., Walz, T., and Lansbury, P. T., Jr. (2002). Alpha-synuclein, especially the Parkinson s disease-associated mutants, forms pore-like annular and tubular protofibrils./. Mol. Biol. 322,1089-1102. LeVine, H. (1993). Thioflavine T interaction with synthetic Alzheimer s disease beta-amyloid peptides Detection of amyloid aggregation in solution. Protein Sci. 2, 404—410. Lin, H., Bhatia, R., and Lai, R. (2001). Amyloid beta protein forms ion channels Implications for Alzheimer s disease pathophysiology. FASEB J. 15, 2433-2444. Lorenzo, A., and Yankner, B. A. (1994). Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity requires fibril formation and is inhibited by Congo red. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12243-12247. Luhrs, T., Ritter, C., Adrian, M., Riek-Loher, D., Bohrmann, B., Dobeli, H., Schubert, D., and Riek, R. (2005). 3D structure of Alzheimer s amyl o id-( be la) (1—12) fibrils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 17342-17347. 

Shimura, H., et al., Ubiquitination of a new form of alpha-synuclein by parkin from human brain implications for Parkinson s disease. Science,... 

Liu, Y., Fallon, L., Lashuel, H. A., Liu, Z., and Lansbuey, P. T., Jr. The UCH-Ll gene encodes two opposing enzymatic activities that affect alpha-synuclein degradation and Parkinson s disease susceptibility. Cell, 2002, 111, 209-18. 

Bonsch, D., Lenz, B., Kornhuber, J., and Bleich, S. (2005) DNA hypermethylation of the alpha synuclein promoter in patients with alcoholism. Neuroreport. 16, 167-170. 

Solano, S. M., Miller, D. W., Augood, S. J., Young, A. B., Penney, J. B., Jr. 2000. Expression of alpha-synuclein, parkin, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase LI mRNA in human brain genes associated with familial Parkinson s disease. Ann Neurol 47 201-10. 

Junn, E., Ronchetti, R. D., Quezado, M. M., Kim, S. Y., and Mouradian, M. M. (2003). Tissue transglutaminase-induced aggregation of alpha-synuclein Implications for Lewy body formation in Parkinson s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 2047-2052. 

Kang, J. H. and Kim, K. S. (2003). Enhanced oligomerization of alpha-synuclein mutant by Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide system. Mol. Cells 28, 87-93. 

Leong, S. L., Pham, C. L., Galatis, D., Eodero-Tavoletti, M. T., Perez, K., Hill, A. E., Masters, C. L., Ali, F. E., Barnham, K. J., and Cappai, R. (2009). Formation of dopamine-mediated alpha-synuclein-soluble oligomers requires methionine oxidation. Free Radio. Biol Med. 46,1328-1337. 

Baptista MJ, Cookson AIR, Miller DW. Parkin and alpha-synuclein opponent actions in the pathogenesis of Parkinson s disease. Neuroscientist. 2004 10 63-72. 

Lee SJ. Alpha-synuclein aggregation a link between mitochondrial defects and Parkinson s disease Antioxid Redox Signal. 2003 5 337-348. 

Kruger R, Kuhn W, Muller T, Woitalla D, Graeber M, Kosel S, Przuntek H, Epplen JT, Schols L, Riess O. Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein in Parkinson s disease. Nature Genet 1998 18 106-108. 

Teive HA, Raskin S, Iwamoto FM, Germiniani FM, Baran MH, Werneck LC, Allan N, Quagliato E, Leroy E, Ide SE, Polymeropoulos MH. The G209A mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene in Brazilian families with Parkinson s disease. Arq Neuro-Psiquiatria 2001 59 722-724. 

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