Alpha olefins processes

The general flow and the reactions for a typical alpha olefin process are shown in Figure 21-2. 

Sugano, T. Iwama, N. Isobe, E. Suzuki, T. Maruyama, Y. Catalysts for Polymerization of Alpha-Olefins, Process for Producing Alpha-Olefin Polymers, Novel Transition Metal Compounds and Catalyst Components for Polymerization of Alpha-Olefin. U.S. Patent Application 20020045535, Apr 18, 2002. 

Natta, G Crespi, G Block polymers of alpha-olefines, processes for producing the same, and mixtures thereof with isotactic polyolefines. U.S. Patent 3,175,999 (Montecatini), March 30,1965. 

A.luminum Jilkyl Chain Growth. Ethyl, Chevron, and Mitsubishi Chemical manufacture higher, linear alpha olefins from ethylene via chain growth on triethyl aluminum (15). The linear products are then used as oxo feedstock for both plasticizer and detergent range alcohols and because the feedstocks are linear, the linearity of the alcohol product, which has an entirely odd number of carbons, is a function of the oxo process employed. Alcohols are manufactured from this type of olefin by Sterling, Exxon, ICI, BASE, Oxochemie, and Mitsubishi Chemical. 

Shell Higher Olefin Process) plant (16,17). C -C alcohols are also produced by this process. Ethylene is first oligomerized to linear, even carbon—number alpha olefins using a nickel complex catalyst. After separation of portions of the a-olefins for sale, others, particularly C g and higher, are catalyticaHy isomerized to internal olefins, which are then disproportionated over a catalyst to a broad mixture of linear internal olefins. The desired fraction is... 

Thermal stabihty of the foaming agent in the presence of high temperature steam is essential. Alkylaromatic sulfonates possess superior chemical stabihty at elevated temperatures (205,206). However, alpha-olefin sulfonates have sufficient chemical stabihty to justify their use at steam temperatures characteristic of most U.S. steamflood operations. Decomposition is a desulfonation process which is first order in both surfactant and acid concentrations (206). Because acid is generated in the decomposition, the process is autocatalytic. However, reservoir rock has a substantial buffering effect. 

Rhodium catalyst is used to convert linear alpha-olefins to heptanoic and pelargonic acids (see Carboxylic acids, manufacture). These acids can also be made from the ozonolysis of oleic acid, as done by the Henkel Corp. Emery Group, or by steam cracking methyl ricinoleate, a by-product of the manufacture of nylon-11, an Atochem process in France (4). Neoacids are derived from isobutylene and nonene (4) (see Carboxylic acids, trialkylacetic acids). 

Kalyan et al. [56] have also studied the effect of alpha-olefin comonomers on the rheological properties and processing of LLDPE. The characteristics of the resins are shown in Table 2. It is found that 1-octene-based LLDPE has the lowest shear viscosity as compared to 1-butene- and 1-hexene-based polymers (Fig. 9). Decrease in power consumption, pressure before the die, temperature in the die, and increase in output has also been found according to shear viscosities of the polymers during tubular film extrusion. 

Alkylation of benzene with linear monoolefms is industrially preferred. The Detal process (Figure 10-9) combines the dehydrogenation of n-paraffins and the alkylation of benzene. Monoolefms from the dehydrogenation section are introduced to a fixed-bed alkylation reactor over a heterogeneous solid catalyst. Older processes use HF catalysts in a liquid phase process at a temperature range of 40-70°C. The general alkylation reaction of benzene using alpha olefins could be represented as ... 

An account is given of the chemical recycling activities of BASF in a pilot plant at Ludwigshafen in Germany, where mixed plastics waste is processed to obtain hydrochloric acid, oil, gas, naphtha, aromatics and alpha-olefins. 

In contrast, the high-temperature reactor operates at -350 °C and 25 bar, using a gas-fluidized bed reactor of either the circulating or the normal type. The high-tem-perature process is mainly used to produce gasoline and chemicals, such as alpha olefins, and the low temperature process to produce waxes. 

N. Y. Chen, William E. Garwood, and Frank G. Dwyer Alpha Olefins Applications Handbook, edited by George R. Lappin and Joseph L. Sauer Process Modeling and Control in Chemical Industries, edited by Kaddour Najim... 

Alfene [Alfa olefene] Also spelled Alfen. A process for making higher alpha-olefins. Ethylene is reacted with triethyl aluminum, yielding high molecular weight aluminum alkyls, and these are treated with additional ethylene, which displaces the higher olefins. Developed by the Continental Oil Company. 

Alpha A process for making aromatic hydrocarbons and LPG from C3-C7 olefins. The catalyst is a metal-modified ZSM-5 zeolite. Developed by Asahi Chemical Industries and Sanyo Petrochemical and used since 1993 at Sanyo s Mitzushima refinery. 

Linear-1 A process for making linear C6- C10 alpha-olefins from ethylene. Developed by UOP in 1996 but not commercialized as of 1997. 

By adding up to 36% ethylene glycol to the aqueous catalyst phase, the space-time yield could be boosted up to approx. 3 mt m-3 h-1 for propene hydroformylation, a factor of 20 in comparison to the conventional two-phase process without changing the reaction conditions. Because of this surprising speed-up, higher alpha-olefins up to 1-octene are converted with high to acceptable space-time yield (Fig. 22). Up to date this process is not commercialized, but has been tested in a continuous pilot plant. 

New polymer structures allow the control of processability and final characteristics. For example, Mitsui is launching nanostructured metallocene alpha-olefins that have a crystallite size of the order of nanometres instead of microns as for conventional metallocene polyolefins. This yields a better balance of transparency, heat resistance, flexibility and elasticity characteristics. Targeted applications are automotive interior trim, packaging film, construction materials, protective films for electronic and optical parts, sealing products and as polymer modifiers. 

Oxo process—the conversion of internal or alpha olefins, alpha meahing that the double bond is located between the number one and tWo carbon atoms, i.e., at the end of the chain... 

Another source, catalytic oligomerization, which produces the alpha olefins using the Ziegler process mentioned above, has its own treatment in Chapter 21. But then the Oxo process really only replaces steps-three and four in Figure 15-3. Besides, Oxo higher alcohols still have branches. 

By 2000, the alpha olefin market had grown to more than 3. billion pounds. Technology had brought down the cost of producing them and simultaneously, a broad range of applications for all the alpha olefins expanded rapidly—surfactants, synthetic lubricants, plasticizer alcohols, fatty acids, mercaptans, comonomers, biocides, paper and textile sizing, oil field chemicals, lube oil., additives, plastic processing aids, and cosmetics. 

The last, the Alpha Select process, was introduced to satisfy the demand for plasticizer olefins, which was growing faster than the detergent olefins. 

Ziegler process. The chemistry of the Ziegler catalyst route to alpha olefins is the same as. you read in Chapter 15, The Higher Alcohols. The treatment here is another approach, and you might find it instructive. Or not. 

The process operates in the liquid phase by dissolving the ethylene in an inert solvent such as cyclohexane or isopentane. The metallocene catalyst is also injected to the mix. The solvent has several important functions. It keeps in solution the alpha olefins produced as well as the ethylene and catalyst. It also enhances the catalyst activity and selectivity. 

Alpha olefins are made either by oligomerization, growing them on an aluminum root by adding ethylene until the desire size is reached, or by catalytic processes, one favoring the shorter alpha olefins. 

What is the difference between the Ziegler process for producing alpha olefins and the one described in Chapter 15 for producing higher alcohols ... 

In the Ziegler process, why do you think there is a distribution of different carbon count alpha olefins rather than just one ... 

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