Surgical implant alloys

Luckey, H. A., Kubli, Jr. F., Editors Introduction , in Titanium Alloys in Surgical Implants, ASTM Publication STP 796, 1-3, Philadelphia (1983)... 

Greene, N. D., Corrosion of Surgical Implant Alloys A Few Basic Ideas , in Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials, Second Symposium, (Eds) A. C. Fraker and C. D. Griflin, 5-10 ASTM Publication STP 859, Philadelphia (1985)... 

Solar R. J., Pollack, S. R. and Korostoffe, E., In-vitro Corrosion Testing of Titanium Surgical Implant Alloys An Approach to Understanding Titanium Release from Implants , Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 13, 217-250 (1979)... 

A rapidly growing use in the medical field is for surgical implants as either bone plates and screws, joint replacements, or for the repair of cranial injuries. Here, titanium and its alloys have the advantages of complete compatibility with body fluids, low density, and low modulus. Applications also exist in dentistry. 

The test method ASTM F7464 covers the determination of the resistance to either pitting or crevice corrosion of passive metals and alloys from which surgical implants are produced. The resistance of surgical implants to localized corrosion is carried out in dilute sodium chloride solution under specific conditions of potentiodynamic test method. Typical transient decay curves under potentiostatic polarization should monitor susceptibility to localized corrosion. Alloys are ranked in terms of the critical potential for pitting, the higher (more noble) this potential, the more resistant is to passive film breakdown and to localized corrosion. (Sprowls)14... 

Ti-hase alloys with 70 - 90% or more Ti are increasingly used for surgical implants. 

The variation of biomedical alloys is determined by their application. More than 30 different elements are currently used for dental materials and surgical implants. Other metals (e.g., Ce, Cs, Se) are added in alloys for needles and tools applied in acupuncture and hair transplantation. 

The carcinogenic feature of some metals is well known, and tumors arising at the site of metal implants have been observed in animals. Heath et al. (1971) showed that wear particles from prostheses constructed from Co-Cr alloys were carcinogenic for rat muscles, while Sinibaldi (1976) reported eight cases of bone sarcoma originating in close proximity to various metallic surgical implants used to treat common canine and feline fractures. 

Titanium-aluminum-niobium alloys have been developed for biocompatible, high-strength surgical implants (Semlitsch et al. 1985), while metal-resin composites containing niobium as filler have potential use as restorative materials in dentistry (Misra and Bowen 1977). The metal possesses superior superconductive properties in strong magnetic fields, which may be... 

Semlitsch M, Staub F and Weber H (1985) Tita-nium-cduminium-niobium alloy, development for biocompatible hi strength surgical implants. 

The important forms of titanium are its dioxide, the tetrachloride compounds, and the metal. The metal and its alloys are used in applications such as the space industry, tubings and surgical implants or prostheses, where strength, lightness and resistance to corrosion are desirable. Titanium additions to chromium-nickel steel are transformed during production into titanium carbide inclusions with increased strength. Titanium tetrachloride is an intermediate in titanium production, and is used by the military for generating smokescreens. 

Cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel, and titanium alloys are three common biomaterials that have been used as surgical implants. Investigate the use of these biomaterials, and write a brief report discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. 

Clerc, C.O., Jedwab, M.R., Mayer, D.W., Thompson, P.J., Stinson, J.S. Assessment of wrought ASTM F1058 cobalt alloy properties for permanent surgical implants. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Appl. Biomater. 38, 229-234 (1997)... 

Bannon B, Mild E. Titanium alloys for biomaterial application an overview, titanium alloys in surgical implants. ASTM STP 1983 796 7-15. 

ASTM-F136 (1998), Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium EU (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy (UNS R56401) for Surgical Implant Applications, American Society for Testing and Materials, W. Conshohocken, Pa. 

Fraker, A.C., Ruff, A.W., Sung, P. von Orden, A.C. and Speck, K.M. (1983) Surface Preparation and Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Alloys for Surgical Implants, in Titanium Alloys in Surgical Implants, (eds H.A. Cuckey and F. Kubli), ASTM STP 796, pp. 206-219. 

Semlitsch, M. Staub, T. and Weber, H. (1985) Titanium-Aluminium-Niobium Alloy, Development for Biocompatible, High Strength Surgical Implants. Biomed. Tech. 30 (12), 334-339. 

Steinemann, S.G., Mausli, P.-A., Szmukler-Moncler, S., Semlitsch, M., Pohler, O., Hintermann, H.-E. and Perren, S.M. (1993) Beta-Titanium Alloy for Surgical Implants, Proc. of the 7th World Conf. on Titanium, pp. 2689-2696. 

Wang, K., Gustavson, L. and Dumbleton, J. (1993) The characterization of Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe. A new biocompatible titanium alloy developed for surgical implants. Beta Titanium in the 1990s. The Minerals, Metals Materials Society, 2, 49-60. 

Steineman, S.G. (1985) Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys For Surgical Implant, in Lutergering, G., Swicker, U., Bunk, W. (eds). Titanium, Science, and Technology, Volume 2, DG fiir Metal. e.V. Oberuresel, Berlin, 1373-1379. 

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