Allergic disease anaphylaxis

Systemic anaphylaxis is the most dramatic and potentially fatal manifestation of immediate hypersensitivity, accounting for more than 500 deaths annually [ 1 ]. Despite these alarming findings, there is surprisingly limited interest and little information on how the cardiovascular system is involved in fatal and near-fatal allergic diseases. 

Sicherer SH, Leung DY Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 116 153. [PMID 15990789]... 

Most of the published data about the effective strategies for educating physicians, other healthcare professionals, family members or patients with allergic diseases are about asthma, and less information is available about other allergic conditions such as rhinitis, eczema, insect allergy, anaphylaxis and food allergy. 

The prevalence of asthma and allergy is increasing. It is estimated that over 20% of the world s population suffer from IgE-mediated allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema and anaphylaxis. Asthma, which in more than 50% of adults and 70-80% of children is allergic, occurs in around 5-15% in the paediatric population. Asthma is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to affect 150 million people worldwide, placing an enormous strain on health resources in many countries, and is a major cause of hospitalisations for chronic diseases in children in the Western World. 

Aplastic anemias (some forms) Complications of malignancy Hypercalcemia Hematologic malignancies Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Lymphomas Multiple myeloma Immune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenia Inflammatory bowel disease Transfusion reactions Allergic and Immune Diseases Acute hypersensitivity reactions Allergic rhinitis Anaphylaxis... 

Several investigations have reported the ability of some natural quinones to be therapeutically useful in the treatment of asthma. The natural anthraquinone chrysophanol-8-O-P-D-glucopyranoside has potent inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase, a enzyme released from mast cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions [311], Cheng et al. [312] described the inhibitory effect of 9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid on immunoglobulin E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Furthermore, these compounds are promising for treating allergic diseases with chronic and severe pruritus. Lawsone, Fig. (12), 2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l, 4-naphthoquinone and 2,2 -methylenebis(3-hydroxy )-l,4-naphthoquinone... 

It is known that cyclic AMP inhibits the release of a chemical mediator firm the mast cell. So when cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is inhibited by some inhibitor the concentration of cyclic AMP is increased to inhibit the release of die chemical mediator from the mast cell. Inhibitors against cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase may be useful in the therapy for allergic diseases. In addition, by the presence of 5-lipoxygenase, free arachidonic acid is converted to leukotrienes, which is one of the chemical mediators known as a slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Therefore, specific inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase may be useful in the therapy for allergic diseases. 

Gleich, G. J., 1982, The late phase of the immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction A link between anaphylaxis and common allergic disease J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 70 160. 

As in other allergic diseases, both patient factors and external factors contribute to fatal food-induced anaphylaxis (71). Patient factors include failure to inquire about ingredients in foods prepared by others, failure to appreciate the dose-response nature of food allergens, and denial or minimalization of symptoms based on previous nonfatal reactions. Patients may fail to carry or use injectable epinephrine or may mistakenly rely on oral antihistamine therapy for... 

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