Alkyltrimethylammonium chloride

The physical chemical behavior of betaine esters of long-chain alcohols shows strong similarities to the common, closely related alkyltrimethylam-monium surfactants both in dilute and concentrated aqueous systems, hi consistence with the findings about CMC s of surfactants containing normal ester bonds (see above) it has been found that the CMC for a betaine ester with a hydrocarbon chain of n carbons is very close to the value for an alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactant with a hydrocarbon chain of n + 2 carbons [32], The binary phase diagram of dodecyl betainate-water has an appearance very similar to that of an alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant with a hydrophobic tail of a similar size [30]. 

Measurement of K for NBF from solution of four homologues of the cationic surfactants alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides [488] indicated that K decreased with increasing surfactant alkyl chain length. 

Nature of the Aggregates. The aggregates are hydrophobic, loose structures with some residual surface charge from the anionic polymer. The fluorescence decay rate constants k of pyrene in aggregates of PMA and C TAB, are identical to corresponding rate constants the kj in micellar alkyltrimethylammonium chloride,... 

Table 12 Dynamics of Iodide Used as a Quencher in Alkyltrimethylammonium Chloride Micelles...

V- Hexagonal MCM- lattice 41 V0S04 5H20 Fumed silica Alkyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide (Ci6H33)(C H2 +i)(CH3)2NBr, with n= 1-22 to control pore size 100 °C, 7 days Sayari, 1995 (57)... 

To investigate the applicability of the two-step model of relaxation, Soderman et al. [59,60] studied aqueous micellar systems of alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants of two different alkyl chain lengths, dodecyl and hexadecyl chains. The alkyl chains were H-labeled in the a-methylene segment adjacent to the ammonium polar headgroup, and the relaxation rates, R[ and R2, were measured in the Larmor frequency range 2-55 MHz, to cover the dispersion of the slow motion. The lower frequencies were obtained by using a variable-field electromagnet. In Fig. 26 the results [60] are shown for the... 

Highly ethoxylated amines and diamines have been recommended for demulsification of crude oil. Combinations of quaternary ammonium salts and amines oxides are useful for foaming and silt suspension. Coco alkyltrimethylammonium chloride and bis(2-hydroxy-ethyljcoco alkylamine oxide comprise the preferred combinations. Quaternary ammonium salts, including coco alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, are useful for preparing foamed oil-in-water emulsions, which can dissolve paraffins and asphaltenes without formation damage. The pyrolized amine salts of humic acid have been used in filtrate control additives. 

Na (K) -alkyl 1-sulfates or -sulfonates Na -alkane-1-sulfonates Na -alkane-l-sulfonates Na -alkane-l-sulfonates Na n-alkyl-1-sulfates Na -alkyl-l-sulfates Na n-alkyl-2-sulfates Na p- -alkylbenzene sulfonates Na p- -alkylbenzene sulfonates /i-Alkylammonium chlorides /i-Alkylammonium chlorides /i-Alkytrimethylammonium bromides /i-Alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides (in 0.1 M NaCl)... 

This reaction scheme was first observed by Kharasch and Read [40], but no industrial application has yet been developed because of poor yield and selectivity with linear parafQns. The yield of alkyl chlorides may be higher than that of sulfochlorides [23]. However, some recent works have shown that in the presence of an adequate catalyst (e.g., pyridine) for rather low conversion rates (e.g., 15%), sulfuryl chloride can lead to acceptable RSOjCl/RCl ratio (about 1 in pure phase and higher in benzene solvent) and the quasi absence of di- and polysubstituled compounds [39-45]. Without doubt, the main drawback of the process is still the large amount of alkyl chlorides produced it is then necessary to consider the possible recovery and transformation of the chloroalkane mixtures through quatemization into alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides (cationic surfactants) [46,47] ... 

Quats are included in the list of surfactants for EOR, but technically they are used in other oil field operations, particularly in drilling muds. Their cationic nature, ability to emulsify oils plus potent germicidal activity make quats uniquely useful in mineral processing and oil applications. There is an abundance of environmental data on quats, not because of oil field operations, but rather because of their use as fabric softeners in detergents. The best known fabric softener and antistatic agent is ditaUow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DTDMAC). Emulsifiers commonly have a N-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride or N-alkylimidazoline chloride configuration, and germicides, such as benzalkonium chloride, typically have a N-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride structure. The fate and effects of these multifunctional surfactants are detailed in several reviews [9, 55, 60, 61]. 

Figure 3.8 Variation of the residence time of surfactants in micelles with the carbon number m of the alkyl chain at 25°C for sodium alkylsulfates (A) sodium alkylsulfonates (0) sodium alkylcarboxy-lates ( ) potassium alkylcarboxylates ( ) alkylammonium chlorides (+) alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides (V) alkylpyridinium chlorides (0) alkylpyridinium bromides ( ) Adapted from Reference 84.

Matsuzaki et al. (1993) separated cationic compounds (alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides) and carboxybetaine amphoterics on a eation-exchanger column and methanol/water containing glycine-perchloric acid salt as a mobile phase. The mobile phase pH was the... 

The homolog distribution of the fatty alkyl portion of surfactants such as the alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides and the benzylalkyldimethylammonium chlorides is determined by HPLC or, after appropriate decomposition of the sample, by GC. Details of these determinations are found in Chapters 7 and 8. 

Isolation of benzylalkyldimethyl-ammonium, C12 and Cig alkyl-trimethylammonium and C 6 alkylpyridinium salts from water C 2 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, C12 alkylpyridinium chloride, C12 benzylalkyldi-methylammonium chloride separation from each other and separation by alkyl chain length Fractionation of a quaternized triethanolamine Cift/Cig ester... 

Cig alkyltrimethylammonium chloride separation from alkylbetaine amphoterics... 

Cj-Cfi tetraalkyl-, C12 dialkyldi-methyl-, Ci alkyldimethylethyl-, and Ci4 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride elution in order of decreasing alkyl content... 

C 2-Cix alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides detection in presence of nonsurfactant quaternary amines... 

Ci4 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, Ci4-Cifi alkyldimethylbenzyl-ammonium chlorides, benzethonium chloride assay MPIC-NSl mobile phase ion chromatography column, 4 x 200 mm 70 30 or 75 25 CH3CN/O.OO5 M HCIO4 Conductivity 13 ... 

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