Alkylpyridinium chloride

D.1.2. N-alkylpyridinium-Containing Ionic Liquids. The melting point of N-alkylpyridinium chloride increases from 70 to 80°C when the alkyl chain is lengthened from Ci2 to Cig. The melting point of iV-alkylpyridinium [NiCl4]J changes only from 80 to 86°C as the substituent changes from C12 to Cig 62). 

Mixtures of these surfactants with water result in solutions with unique properties that we want to consider. We will use the alkylpyridinium chlorides as examples. Figure 18.11 compares the osmotic coefficient 0, apparent relative molar enthalpy 4>L, apparent molar heat capacity Cp, and apparent molar volumes V as a function of molality for two alkylpyridinium chlorides in water.w19... 

Yeh, K.C. and Higuchi, W.I. Influence of chain length on oil-water ion-pair partitioning behavior of p-alkylpyridinium chlorides. 7. Pharm. Sci. 1972, 61,1648-1650. 

Aluminum chloride in mixture with an alkylpyridinium chloride, preferentially butylpyridinium chloride, has certain possibilities as a medium for studying electrochemi-... 

C16-alkylpyridinium chloride Cepacol Cepacol chloride Cetamiun cetyl pyridium chloride Dobendan hexadecylpyr-idinium chloride 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride Medilave Pristacin Pyrisept. 

Considering solely the phase diagram, the main effect of exchanging water for a more weakly polar solvent in these systems is to decrease their existence regions. In addition to that, more subtle phenomena may occur in the nonaqueous systems. It has been demonstrated that for alkylpyridinium chlorides and bromides in glycerol and formamide, cubic phases can occur intermediate to the Li- and E-phase region, where they are not stable in water [93],... 

Electrodes suitable for the potentiometric determination of surfactants are either specially designed liquid or solid membrane electrodes or ion-selective electrodes that in addition to being selective to a particular ion, also quantitatively respond to surfactants. For example, a nitrate ion-selective electrode responds to anionic surfactants, a calcium ion-selective electrode is sensitive to quaternary ammonium salts, and a barium ion-selective electrode can be used for assaying polyethoxylates [43], In some cases it is possible for one to perform potentiometric determination of a counter-ion, e.g. one can titrate alkylpyridinium chloride or bromide salts with silver nitrate solution using silver wire as an indicator electrode [38]. 

Table 13 Mobility of Alkylpyridinium Chloride Used as a Quencher in Alkyltrimethylammonium Chloride Micelles...

Fig. 5 Residence time 7r of surfactants in micelles. Variation with the carbon number m of the surfactant alkyl chain for sodium alkylsulfates (A), potassium alkylcarboxylates (O).and alkylpyridinium chlorides ( ). Reproduced from Ref. [26].

Ci6-alkylpyridinium chloride Pyrisept Uses quaternary ammonium compound used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals topical anti-infective and disinfectant used on the surface of latex gloves A... 

When an electric field was applied to a sheet of PAMPS gel suspended in an N-alkylpyridinium chloride (C PyCl) surfactant solution, the gel showed significant and rapid bending toward the anode (Fig. 13). Among the surfactants used, C, PyCI and CijPyCl induced intense, steady bending with a magnitude of 4-6 mm within... 

FIGURE 18 Basal spadngs di of the alkylpyridinium magadiites (in equilibrium with 0.1 M alkylpyridinium chloride solutions). Calculated values for bilayers of alkylpyridinium ions with the alkyl chains tilted 35° to the magadiite layer. c = number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. (From Ref. 42.)... 

Several over-the-counter mouthwashes contain an N-alkylpyridinium chloride as an antibacterial agent. 

The cmc values for fluorinated A alkylpyridinium chlorides have been obtained from osmotic coefficients determined by a vapor pressure osmometer [141]. A critical discussion of the methods for the determination of cmc values has been published by Mukerjee and Mysels [142]. 

Cationic surfactants exhibit a similar relationship. The cmc values and the enthalpy changes for micellization decrease with increasing alkyl chain length of A -alkylpyridinium chlorides, CF3(CF2) CH2CH2N+C5H5C1", n = 3,5,7 [141]. 

Isolation of benzylalkyldimethyl-ammonium, C12 and Cig alkyl-trimethylammonium and C 6 alkylpyridinium salts from water C 2 alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, C12 alkylpyridinium chloride, C12 benzylalkyldi-methylammonium chloride separation from each other and separation by alkyl chain length Fractionation of a quaternized triethanolamine Cift/Cig ester... 

Ci2-C,8 alkyltrimethylammonium, C]2-C ji W-alkyl-V-benzyldi-methylammonium, and C12-C18 alkylpyridinium chlorides resolution of each type according to alkyl chain length C 2-C]8 alkyltrimethylammonium, C12-C18 Al-alkyl-lV-benzyldi-methylammonium, and C12-C18 alkylpyridinium halides resolution of each tj pe according to alkyl chain length C 6 alkyltrimethylammonium and Ci(i alkylpyridinium chlorides senaration from each other and... 

Ci(i alkyltrimethylammonium bromide, C jj alkanoylaminophenyl trimethylammonium methylsul-fate, and Ci alkylpyridinium chloride from pharmaceutical preparations... 

Quaternary Salts. Herbicides paraquat (20) and diquat (59) are the quaternary salts of 4,4 -bipyridine (19) and 2,2 -bipyridine with methyl chloride and 1,2-dibromoethane, respectively. Higher alkylpyridinium salts are used in the textile industry as dye ancillaries and spin bath additives. The higher alkylpyridinium salt, hexadecylpytidinium chloride [123-03-5] (67) (cetylpyridinium chloride) is a topical antiseptic. Amprolium (62), a quaternary salt of a-picohne (2), is a coccidiostat. Bisaryl salts of butylpyridinium bromide (or its lower 1-alkyl homologues) with aluminum chloride have been used as battery electrolytes (84), in aluminum electroplating baths (85), as Friedel-Crafts catalysts (86), and for the formylation of toluene by carbon monoxide (87) (see QuaternaryAA ONiUM compounds). 

A system composed of an Fe Cli and BTSP in a mixture of hydrocarbon, pyridine and oxygen affords alkyl chloride and alkylpyridinium ion by trapping of the radical, in good yields. This system, which involves an Fe =0, produces a carbon radical (Scheme 11). 

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