Alkylating agents adverse effects

Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine derivative of the alkylating agent dacarbazine. It is an oral alkylating agent used for the treatment of refractory anaplastic astrocytoma. Apart from myelosuppression the most common adverse effects are nausea and vomiting. 

Most adverse effects of phenoxybenzamine derive from its -receptor-blocking action the most important are orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia. Nasal stuffiness and inhibition of ejaculation also occur. Since phenoxybenzamine enters the central nervous system, it may cause less specific effects, including fatigue, sedation, and nausea. Because phenoxybenzamine is an alkylating agent, it may have other adverse effects that have not yet been characterized. 

Host of the cyclic organohalogen pesticides studied are known or suspect animal carcinogens. The alkyl halide fumigants (methyl bromide, EDB, DBCP) are alkylating agents and mutagens, with adverse reproductive effects as well. 

BUSULFAN H2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS -CIMETIDINE t adverse effects of alkylating agent, e.g. myelosuppression Additive toxicity Monitor more closely monitor FBC regularly... 

Mitomycin is an alkylating agent that is used intravenously to treat upper gastrointestinal and breast cancers and by direct instillation to treat superficial bladder tumors. Its main adverse effects are thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Rare but severe adverse effects are hemolytic-uremic syndrome, pneumonitis, and cardiac failure. 

The controversy surronnding CLL management with low-dose alkylating agents was evalnated in a meta-analysis. The results of that analysis showed that delayed treatment did not have an adverse effect on 10-year survival. If only deaths caused by CLL were considered, there was a statistically significant improvement in survival when treatment was deferred. Chlorambucil continues to be widely used in elderly patients as initial treatment for CLL, but its use is based on a small number of smdies. The addition of prednisone to chlorambucil is likely to increase infectious risk with no advantage in the treatment of CLL. However, prednisone may have value in CLL-associated autoimmnne blood dyscrasias. ... 

In the selection of an appropriate corrosion inhibitor, an important consideration is the problem of adverse competition with other additives designed to adsorb on the liquid-metal interface. Extreme pressure and/or antiwear agents compete for the same sites as the corrosion inhibitor. Eatty amines are good corrosion inhibitors in this type of environment. However, their adverse effect on the performance of ZDDP additives often prohibits their use. Half esters or amides of dodecylsuccinic acid, phosphate esters or thiophosphates are frequently employed. A combination of inhibitors is sometimes used, for example, fatty carboxylic acids or the dimer/trimer analogues of the unsaturated acids, e.g. oleic, used in conjunction with an amine such as an ethanolamine or alkyl amine, or amide such as alkyl imidazoline and sarcosines, Eig. 6.7. Shorter chain carboxylic acid and amines are used as volatile corrosion inhibitors. 

Adverse effects due to alkylating agents are commonly seen on which organs ... 

With few exceptions (c.g., DES), a causal relationship between exposure to a specific environmental agent and an adverse effect on human health operating via an endocrine disruption mechanism has not been established. Short-term screening studies could be developed and validated in an effort to elucidate the mechanism. Through controlled dose-response studies, it appears that these compounds (e.g., alkyl phenol ethylates and their degradation products, chlorinated dibenzodioxins and difurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls) can induce irreversible induction of male sex characteristics on females (impo-sex), which can lead to sterility and reduced reproductive performance. 

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