Alkyd resins testing

Additional studies were made of the oil as an insecticide and ovicide, when applied as an emulsion. In all cases the isoparaffinic fraction was solubilized by the addition of Triton B-1956, a nonionic phthalic glycerol alkyd resin. The emulsions were applied to the point of mnoff (200 to 400 gallons per acre). The results of these tests are shown in Table I. 

Simultaneous TGA and DTA were used by Maycock et al. to study the kinetics of the isothermal and adiabatic thermal decomposition of 8-HMX (one of the polymorphs of HMX) under helium atmosphere and reported activation energy [44] —63 KcalmoT1. The use of simultaneous DTA/TG has been reported for compatibility testing of TNT with two epoxy-and two alkyd resins paints [21, 45]. 

Examination of Table II will show that, of all the vehicles tested, the alkyd resins produced the best fire-retardant properties. All these films were air-dried at room temperature in the absence of any catalysts other than lead and cobalt where appropriate. 

The time that is required to produce a homogeneous suspension of particles in the dispersion medium using an oscillatory shaking machine equipped with several containers is measured. Not only can small quantities of the millbase with the same composition be tested (as with other types of apparatus), but various millbases can also be tested under the same conditions. A low-viscosity alkyd resin system of the stoving or oxidatively drying type can be used as a test medium. For standards, see Table 1.1 ( Ease of dispersion Oscillatory shaking machine ). 

ASTM Method D1615-60, (withdrawn 2004), Standard Test Methods for Glycerol, Ethylene Glycol, and Pentaerythritol in Alkyd Resins, 1995. 

Alkaline paint strippers (e.g., alkali-metal hydroxides, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate) can be manufactured in liquid, paste, or powder form. They are only suitable for removing hydrolyzable coating materials (e.g., alkyd resins and oil paints). Alkaline paint strippers may also be used to remove coalings on facades. Tests should be carried out to check that the coating is hydrolyzable. 

An alkyd resin containing less than 1% PANI was examined for its ability to protect carbon steel against aqueous corrosion. In field tests, in urban and marine environments, as well as in accelerated laboratory tests, the presence of PANI in the alkyd resin improved the corrosion protection of carbon steel and also the degradation resistance of the coating [214]. 

Resorcinol test Used to detect the presence of phthalic acid in phthalate plasticizers or alkyd resins. It involves heating the product under test with concentrated sulfuric acid and resorcinol, and pouring the resulting mixture into excess of an alkaline solution. If phthalic acid is present, the fluorescein produced yields its characteristic yellow-green color. 

Quality control in the manufacture of alkyd resins involves appropriate rapid tests to determine the acid number, viscosity of solutions of known concentrations in mineral spirits or xylene (Gardner-Holdt viscosity tubes used for comparison), color (Gardner 1933 Color Standards), and cure time. A target range 2-5 units above the acid number units of gelation is desirable. Most manufactured alkyd resins have an acid value (number of mg of potassium hydroxide required toneutralize 1 gm of resin) of less than 15. 

Cottonseed Oil n A semidrying oil obtained from the seeds of many types of plants of the genus, Gossypium. Its main constituent acids are linoleic (46%), palmitic (29%) and oleic (24%). As oil, it is rarely used in paint, but its fatty acids are used in the manufacture of alkyd resins. See Becchi-Millian Test. 

Dipropylene Glycol n (2,2 -dihydroxydipropyl ether) (CH3CHOH—CH2)20. a high-boiling glycol ether with a low order of toxicity, widely used as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent it is used with cellulose acetate and nitrate, and is one of the few known solvents for polyethylene. Thus it is used in screening tests to identify polyethylene. As an intermediate, dipropylene glycol reacts with dibasic acids to form alkyd resins, polyester plasticizers, and urethane-foam intermediates. 

Secant Modulus se- kant ma-jo-bs n The ratio of stress to corresponding strain at any specific point on a stress-strain curve. It is expressed in force per unit area, MPa or kpsi. This definition of modulus is useful for many plastics whose stress-strain relationships are nonlinear even at very low strains, exhibiting little or no Hooke s-law range. (Shah V (1998) Handbook of plastics testing technology. Wiley, New York) sec-Butyl Acetate sek byii-Ul a-so- tat] n (2-butyl acetate) CH3COOCH(CH3)C2H5. A solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, PVC, acrylics, polystyrene, phenolics and alkyd resins. 

A potential problem for direct application of vernonia oil in alkyd formulations is an anticipated reaction between its epoxy groups and the terminal carboxyl groups of the alkyd resins. Our results show that vernonia oil does not change the can stability of the formulations. Obviously, the epoxy groups of vernonia oil have low reactivity and do not react with the free carboxyl groups of the alkyd resins under test conditions for can stability. The low reactivity of the epoxy groups of vernonia oil has been confirmed by additional experiments (see Section 4. Modification of Epoxy Resins). 

American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), Alkyd Resins and Esters Containing Other Dibasic Acids (Spectrophotometric), Phthalic Anhydride Content, Test for (D 1307), 1958 Book of Standards, No. 8. 

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