INDEX alkenes

Most important for the synthetic chemist is an index to the synthesis of functional groups, e.g. synthesis of alkenes from ketones, as well as conversion of ketones to alkenes. 

Examples of the protection of alkynes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, amides, amines, esters, ketones, and alkenes are also indexed on p. xvii. Section (designated with an A 15A, 30A, etc.) with protecting group reactions are located at the end of pertinent chapters. 

Forziati, A.F., Camin, D.L., Rossini, F.D. (1950) Density, refractive index, boiling point, and vapor pressure of eight monoolefin (1-alkene), six pentadiene, and two cyclomonoolefin hydrocarbons../. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. 45, 406 410. 

Polymeric alkene ozonides are shock-sensitive that of trans -2-butene exploded when exposed to friction in a ground glass joint. The use of GLC to analyse crude ozonisation products is questionable because of the heat-sensitivity of some constituents [4], Ozonides are decomposed, sometimes explosively, by finely divided palladium, platinum or silver, or by iron(II) salts [5]. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Structure effects on the rate of selective or total oxidation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and their correlations have been used successfully in the exploration of the reaction mechanisms. Adams 150) has shown that the oxidation of alkenes to aldehydes or alkadienes on a BijOj-MoOj catalyst exhibits the same influence of alkene structure on rate as the attack by methyl radicals an excellent Type B correlation has been gained between the rate of these two processes for various alkenes (series 135, five reactants, positive slope). It was concluded on this basis that the rate-determining step of the oxidation is the abstraction of the allylic hydrogen. Similarly, Uchi-jima, Ishida, Uemitsu, and Yoneda 151) correlated the rate of the total oxidation of alkenes on NiO with the quantum-chemical index of delo-calizability of allylic hydrogens (series 136, five reactants). 

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)440-442 is a copolymer of ethylene and a terminal alkene with improved physical properties as compared to LDPE. The practically most important copolymer is made with propylene, but 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene are also employed.440 LLDPE is characterized by linear chains without long-chain branches. Short-chain branches result from the terminal alkene comonomer. Copolymer content and distribution as well as branch length introduced permit to control the properties of the copolymer formed. Improvement of certain physical properties (toughness, tensile strength, melt index, elongation characteristics) directly connected to the type of terminal alkene used can be achieved with copolymerization.442... 

Early attempts to establish the existence or otherwise of a geometric factor were based upon the assumption that the surfaces of metal particles consisted of extensive arrays of atoms arranged in well-defined low index planes the optimum metal—metal distances for the strain-free adsorption of the reactant hydrocarbon were calculated [84,157]. As noted in Sect. 4.2 (p. 50) such an approach led to the conclusion that only certain crystal planes should be active in alkene and alkyne hydrogenation... 

Cycloalkenes are named by the system used for the open-chain alkenes, except that the numbering always is started at one of the carbons of the double bond and continued around the ring through the double bond so as to keep the index numbers as small as possible ... 

There will be numerous facts to learn in the course of the year, however. For example, chemical reagents necessary to carry out specific reactions must be learned. You might find a study aid known as flash cards helpful. These take many forms, but one idea is to use 3X5 index cards. As an example of how the cards might be used, consider the reduction of alkenes (compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds) to alkanes (compounds containing only carbon-carbon single bonds). The front of the card might look like this ... 

Recently, comprehensive World Wide Web (Internet) databases have been established on insect pheromones and semiochemicals The Pherolist , a database of chemicals identified from sex pheromone glands of female lepidopteran insects and other chemicals attractive to male moths (Am et al., 1999) and The Pherobase , a database of pheromones and semiochemicals for Lepidoptera and other insect orders (El-Sayed, 2006). These large databases on behavior modifying chemicals have extensive cross-linkages for animal taxa, indexes of compounds and source (reference) indexes. The indexes include those compounds cited in this chapter and many more with pheromone and semiochemical function acetate esters, diols, epoxides, ethers, ketones and secondary alcohols. For example, The Pherolist reports approximately 90 epoxy derivatives of C17-C23 of n-alkancs, mono-alkenes and di-alkenes as insect semiochemicals. 

Active Oxygen Method for Fat Stability (AOM) (Cd 12-57) determines the time (in hours) for a sample of fat or oil to attain a predetermined peroxide value (PV) under the conditions of the test. The method is used to estimate the comparative oxidative stability of fats and oils. The method has been placed in surplus, in favor of Cd 12b-92 (Oil Stability Index), but retains official status and is still used in domestic industry. p-Anisidine Value (AV) (Cd 18-90) determines the amount of aldehydes (principally 2-alkenals and 2,4-dienals) in animal and vegetable fats and oils. These are degradation products of peroxides, which are not removed by bleaching. Some fats and oils chemists propose increased use of this method in purchase specifications. Bleaching Test for Soybean Oil (Cc 8e-s63) determines the color of a sample of soybean oil after treatment with a specified bleaching earth. Specific methods exist for other oil species. 

Ans. CD3 and H cis to each other in the polymer chain that is, they have erythro configuration with respect to each other. With Natta catalyst a high isotacticity index is expected. An alternative configuration would be threo (CD3 and H turns to each other). The observed erythro configuration means alkene insertion is cis. 

This index is provided so that the reader might locate information about a particular complex of interest. It is organized as follows The first section contains the neutral binary complexes, followed by charged dimers, and then by larger complexes in the last section. Within each section, the complexes are ordered by the type of molecules contained. The order is as follows XH, YH2, ZH3, carbonyl, carboxyl, imine, amide, nitrile, alkyne, alkene, alkane, others. (X refers to any halogen F, Cl, Br, I Y to O, S, etc. and Z to N, P, etc.) Any alkylated or similar substitutions follow immediately after their parent group. 

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