Alkanes naming conventions

Using a quick and easy scheme for naming any compound Introducing alkane naming conventions... 

Alkanes, also called paraffins, are composed of all C-C, saturated bonds and have the general formula C H2n+2. The naming conventions and typical properties of the first... 

The second class of simple hydrocarbons, the alkenes, consists of molecules that contain at least one double-bonded carbon pair. Alkenes follow the same naming convention used for alkanes. A prefix (to describe the number of carbon atoms) is combined with the ending "ene" to denote an alkene. Ethene, for example is the two-carbon molecule that contains one double bond. The chemical formula for the simple alkenes follows the expression Because one of the carbon pairs is double... 

Names. In truth, it is not necessary to know every nuanced detail of the naming convention for alkanes, but you do need to know some nomenclature. 

The naming convention for alkanes is introduced. There are several common or trivial names that are often used and which, therefore, must be learned. 

Dienes and trienes are named according to the IUPAC convention by replacing the -ane ending of the alkane with -adiene or -atriene and locating the positions of the double bonds by number. The stereoisomers are identified as E or Z according to the rules established in Chapter 5. 

Under the most common convention, fatty acids are named on the basis of the number of carbon atoms, starting with the terminal carboxyl (-COOH) carbon as number 1. The terminal letter e of the respective alkane hydrocarbon is replaced with oic to indicate an acid thus ... 

There are additional rules and conventions used in naming very complicated alkanes, but the five fundamental rules mentioned here will suffice for the compounds we are likely to encounter. 

Alkynes are named by using the stem name of the corresponding alkane with a number specifying the location of the triple bond. The numbering convention is the same as that used for double bonds. If more than one triple bond is present, the number of these bonds is indicated by a Greek prefix. The suffix is -yne. 

Ad (a), as has been found by Bernard [39], platinum on the nonacidic zeolite KL is superior to conventional reforming catalysts in the dehydrocyclization of hexane to benzene (460 °C, molar ratio Ih hexane 6). It is proposed that zeolite KL is unique in its ability to prevent agglomeration of the small Pt particles required for the reaction. Chevron workers partially exchanged KL towards a Pt-BaKL catalyst [40]. The aromatization selectivity over Pt-BaKL was high and nearly constant (between 90 and 82 %) for n-alkanes having six to nine carbons. A process was developed by Chevron under the name AROMAX. 

Figure 22.3 Organic molecules containing functional groups are named based on their main-chain alkane structure using lUPAC conventions. 

In conventional organic compounds, any branching is characteristic of the molecular structure and is reflected in its lUPAC name. For instance, the alkane molecule 3-ethyl hexane has a branch in the structure, an ethyl group on the third carbon. With a polymer such as PE, short, medium length, long, or even complex branches can be... 

Aliphatic framework molecules most common in organic acids include alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) and alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons). These saturated and unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids may be acyclic (straight or branched chains) or alicyclic (aliphatic rings). Acyclic aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are also referred to as fatty acids (Table 1). The first five saturated acids (formic to valeric) of this type are sometimes referred to as short-chain, low-molecular-weight, or volatile fatty acids. Although a nomenclature for these acids has been established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), the convention of using the trivial names for the first five saturated acids has remained. Similarly, trivial names are used for the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (Table 2) that are saturated with two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4) and unsaturated with four carbon atoms (C4). Alicyclic carboxylic acids contain one or more saturated or partially unsaturated rings. These acids most commonly occur... 

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