Alkanes covalent compounds

Alkanes are covalent compounds in an homologous series which has the general molecular formula C H2 +2. Thus for methane, which is the simplest of the series, n— (there is only one carbon atom), so there are (2x l) + 2 = 4 hydrogen atoms hence methane s formula is CH4. 

Types of Chemical Formulas Ionic Compounds Binary Covalent Compounds Alkanes... 

I) The alkanes are covalent compounds. Write Lewis structures for ethane and propane. 

Because they are non-polar and covalent compounds, the alkanes are soluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene or ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) and insoluble in water. 

Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Acid Names from Anion Names Binary Covalent Compounds Straight-Chain Alkanes Molecular Masses Formulas and Models... 

Add Names from Anion Names 57 Binary Covalent Compounds 58 The Simplest Organic Compounds Straight-Chain Alkanes 58 Molecular Masses from Chemical Formulas 59... 

Note that these compounds are covalently bonded compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. The differences in their strucmral formulas are apparent the alkanes have only single bonds in their structural formulas, while the alkenes have one (and only one) double bond in their structural formulas. There are different numbers of hydrogen atoms in the two analogous series. This difference is due to the octet rule that carbon must satisfy. Since one pair of carbon atoms shares a double bond, this fact reduces the number of electrons the carbons need (collectively) by two, so there are two fewer hydrogen atoms in the alkene than in the corresponding alkane. 

Note that there is no one-carbon alkene corresponding to methane, since hydrogen can never form more than one covalent bond, and there is no other carbon atom in the structural formula. Therefore, the first compound in the alkene series is ethene, while the corresponding two-carbon compound in the alkane series, ethane, is the second compound in the series, with methane the first. 

One of the most common molecules studied in organic chemistry is the hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen. The simplest of the hydrocarbons fall into the category of alkanes. Alkanes are chains of carbon molecules connected by single covalent bonds. Chapter 5 describes how single covalent bonds result when atoms share pairs of valence electrons. Because a carbon atom has four valence electrons, it s eager to donate those valence electrons to covalent bonds so it can receive four donated electrons in turn, filling carbon s valence shell. In other words, carbon really likes to form four bonds. 

Note that these compounds are covalently bonded compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. The differences in their structural formulas are apparent the alkanes have only single bonds in their structural formulas, while the alkenes have one (and only one) double bond in their... 

Activation of two Si—Si bonds in bis(disilanyl)alkanes with palladium(O) bis(tert-alkyl isocyanide) induced the formation of the cyclic bis(silyl)palladium(II) bis(terf-alkyl isocyanide) complexes (100) and disilanes described schematically in Scheme 42. These complexes were found to react with phenylacetylene, affording different amounts of five-membered cyclic products and acyclic products which are derived from the insertion of the alkyne into the general intermediate complex 101 (Scheme 42, equation 54). The bis(silanyl)dithiane palladium complex (102) was isolated and characterized in the solid state the two silicon atoms, the two isocyano carbons and the palladium atom are nearly in a plane with a short cross-ring Si—Si distance of 2.613(2) A, suggesting the possibility of covalently bonded two Si—Si atoms in the four-membered ring. Similar reaction with cyclic disilanes afforded oligomers, and cyclic 20-membered compounds have been prepared in the presence of nitriles248,249. 

Alkanes consist of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds and are unreactive compounds. This is due to the fact that C-C and C-H bonds are covalent in nature and so there are no electrophilic or nucleophilic centres present. Since most reagents react with nucleophilic or electrophilic centres, so the alkanes are unreactive molecules. 

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