Alkali Hydroxide Reagent

A. Alkali Hydroxide Reagent is prepd by dissolving 5 or lOg of KOH (or NaOH) in 100ml... 

For testing, use the same procedure as described under Alkali Hydroxide Reagent. 

J. fanovsky s Reagent. See under Alkali Hydroxide Reagent... 

Sodium and potassium hydroxides. The use of these efficient reagents is generally confined to the drying of amines (soda lime, barium oxide and quicklime may also be employed) potassium hydroxide is somewhat superior to the sodium compound. Much of the water may be first removed by shaking with a concentrated solution of the alkali hydroxide. They react with many organic compounds (e.g., acids, phenols, esters and amides) in the presence of water, and are also soluble in certain organic liquids so that their use as desiccants is very limited... 

The course of the reaction has not been fully clarified. Hydrolytic and aromatization processes are probably responsible for the formation of colored or fluorescent deriva4 tives (cf. Potassium Hydroxide Reagent). For instance, sevin is converted to a-naphthalkali metal salt of the o-hydroxycinnamic acid pro- duced by hydrolytic cleavage of the pyrone ring is converted from the non-fluorescent cis- to the fluorescent trans-form by the action of long-wavelength UV light (X = 365 nm) [2]. 

Reaction XXIV. Condensation of certain Carbonyl Compounds with one another under the influence of Dehydrating Agents. (A., 223, 139.)— Aldehydes and ketones readily condense with one another under the influence of such reagents as zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, alkali hydroxides, sodium acetate solution, etc., to give a/J-olefinic aldehydes and ketones ... 

The precipitate is insoluble in excess reagent. No precipitation occurs in the presence of tartrate or citrate, owing to complex formation. Ammonia dissolves the precipitate in the presence of excess alkali hydroxide ammonium salts will also dissolve the precipitate ... 

In sulfur hexafluoride, the sulfur atom is shielded by six fluorine atoms which impede kinetically any reaction with water, alkali hydroxides, ammonia or strong acids as a result it remains inert to these reagents. 

The formation of a double bond by removal of the elements of hydrogen halide is a very general method. Basic reagents such as alkali hydroxides and alkoxides or a variety of amines are usually employed. The reaction is of limited application for the preparation of simple olefins, however, since the alcohols are usually more readily available and in most cases yield the same olefins by dehydration. 

Quinazoline 3-oxide differs markedly from the 1-oxide in its behavior towards anionic reagents. Whereas with quinazoline 1-oxide compounds a substituent is introduced into po.sition 2 or 4 (cf. p 104), in quinazoline 3-oxide ring fission occurs between C2 and N3 in the reaction with acetic anhydride, water, alkali hydroxide, and under the conditions of the Reissert reaction.2 -(Hydroxyiminomethyl)formanilide is also formed as a byproduct in the reaction of quinazoline 3-oxide with active methylene compounds. ... 

In the case of tertiary and some of the more complex alcohols, the use of alkali hydroxides is not feasible, and it is necessary to use reagents such as sodium hydride, sodium amide, or the alkali metal to form the alkoxide ... 

Homatropine Methylbromide, USP. Homatropini methylbromidc. 3a-hydroxy-8-methyl-1 aN.Sa/f-tropanium bromide mandelate (Novatropine, Mesopin), occurs as a bitter. white, odorless powder and is affected by light. Tbe compound is readily soluble in water and alcohol but insoluble in ether. The pH of a 1% solution is 5.9 and that of a 10% solution is 4.5. Although a solution of the compound yields a precipitate with alkaloidal reagents, such as mercuric potassium iodide test solution, addition of alkali hydroxides or carbonates does not cause the precipitate thil occurs with nonquatemary nitrogen salts (c.g.. atropine, homatropine). 

Iron-gray, ductile, malleable metal face -cen tered cubic structure at room temp. Stable in dry air, but superficially oxidized in moist air when finely divided may ignite sponta -neously. d 6.77. mp 795". E (aq) Cei+ /Ce — 2,48 V (calc). Slowly dec by cold, rapidly by hot water sol in dil mineral adds. Ceric salts usually are yellow to orange-red in color tnd liberate iodine from KI. Cerous salts are usually white tnd give a white ppt with alkali hydroxides or sulfides, insol ineicess of reagent they also are pptd by ammonium oxalate from cold dil acid sols. 

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