Aliphatic hydrocarbons propane

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon from propane is the main reaction in the fabrication of the C/C composites [1,2] and the C-SiC functionally graded material [3,4,5]. The carbon deposition rate from propane is high compared with those from other aliphatic hydrocarbons [4]. Propane is rapidly decomposed in the gas phase and various hydrocarbons are formed independently of the film growth in the CVD reactor. The propane concentration distribution is determined by the gas-phase kinetics. The gas-phase reaction model, in addition to the film growth reaction model, is required for the numerical simulation of the CVD reactor for designing and controlling purposes. Therefore, a compact gas-phase reaction model is preferred. The authors proposed the procedure to reduce an elementary reaction model consisting of hundreds of reactions to a compact model objectively [6]. In this study, the procedure is applied to propane pyrolysis for carbon CVD and a compact gas-phase reaction model is built by the proposed procedure and the kinetic parameters are determined from the experimental results. 

Hass-McBee A thermal, vapor-phase process for chlorinating aliphatic hydrocarbons. The chlorine and the hydrocarbon vapor are separately heated to >250°C and then mixed. Propane is thus converted to 1, 3-dichloropropane. Invented in 1934 by H. B. Hass and E. T. McBee at Purdue University. 

Paraffin (alkane) one of a series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, the lowest numbers of which are methane, ethane, and propane. The higher homologs are solid waxes. 

Alkalsit is a Ger blasting expi which is described in PATR 2510(1958), p Ger 3 Alkanes, Nitrated Derivatives (Nitrated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons). The first nitro-alkane described in the literature was 1,2-dinitroethane, prepd in Russia by A.Semenov. Since then hundreds of nitroalkanes, some of them explosive, were obtained. The reference given below describes old and new methods of prepn of nitro alkanes. Most of expl nitro alkanes are described in this dictionary under their parent names, such as methane, ethane, propane, etc Ref 0. vonSchickh, AngewChem 62, 547-56 (1950)(Chemie und Technologie der Nitro-alkane)... 

Some Available Data. A brief list of extractive distillation processes of actual or potential commercial value is in Table 13.7 the column of remarks explains why this mode of separation is adopted. The leading applications are to the separation of close-boiling aromatic, naphthenic, and aliphatic hydrocarbons and of olefins from diolefins such as butadiene and isoprene. Miscellaneous separations include propane from propylene with acrylonitrile as solvent (DuPont, U.S. Pat. 2,980,727) and ethanol from propanol with water as solvent [Fig. 13.24(b)],... 

Aerosols Sprays containing propellants and solvents. In the United States, spray paints contain butane and propane (aliphatic hydrocarbons), fluorocarbon, hydrocarbons, and toluene hair sprays and air fresheners contain butane, propane, and fluorocarbon aerosol spray topical pain relievers and asthma sprays contain fluorocarbon. 

Figure 13 Combined distillation/pervaporation systems for (a) propylene/ propane splitting and (b) aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon separation. (Part a from Ref. 234 part b from Ref. 235.)...

Duo-Sol A process for separating aromatic from aliphatic hydrocarbons by partition between two solvents. The first solvent (Selecto or Selectox) is a mixture of phenol and cresylic acids the second is liquid propane. Developed by the Max B. Miller Company and licensed by Milwhite Company. 

The most common members of aliphatic hydrocarbons are methane, ethane, n-propane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane. In general, after repeated exposure, these compounds cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, asphyxia, and chemical pneumonitis. In high concentrations as gas or vapor, these compounds trigger CNS depression and axonopathy. Keeping up the essential requirements of chemical safety to industrial workers, the ACGIH and OSHA have set the threshold limits for many of the aliphatic hydrocarbons. ... 

Normal-butane gives very similar yields of ethylene and propylene to propane cracking. Methane is lower and more butadiene, C5 + aliphatic hydrocarbons and BTX are produced. 

Aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds are found in lighter fluid and fuel gas, as well as in paint sprays, hair sprays, and air fresheners. These compounds are highly flammable and explosive. They include compounds like acetylene, butane, hexane, isobutene, and propane. Butane is often used as the propellant in aerosol sprays. 

The calculations were conducted for aqueous solutions of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols, and tert-pentanol) and hydrocarbons (normal saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon from propane through dodecane, isobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, benzene, toluene). 

Solubility soluble 1 in 10 parts dichloromethane 1 in 2.5 parts ethanol (95%) 1 in 2 parts methanol 1 in 5 parts propan-2-ol 1 in 5 parts propylene glycol and 1 in 2 parts water. Practically insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons aromatic... 

In helium quantitative yield of HCI. remainder residue and hydrocarbons, benzene is major volatile hydrocarbons product aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene (major product), toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xyiene, monochlorobenzene styrene, vinyl tcriuerre. p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, indene, 1,3.5-trichlorobenzene 1.2.4. richlorobenzene. naphthalene, u-methylnaphthalene. p-methylnaphthatene effect of ZnO. SnOj, and Ab03 on the yields of products Is also recorded HCI. CO2. ethene. ethane, propane, 1-butene. 2-butene. 1-pentene. cydopentene, n-pentane, 2-methylbulane, 1,3-pentadiene. 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, complex series (60 Identlfled) of aromatic and polyaromatic species including benzene, styrene, methylstyrenes, toluene, o-xytene, m-xylene, p-xylene, biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene. pyrene, etc. 

Carbon dioxide, water, ethane, ethylene, propane, ammonia, xenon, nitrous oxide, and fluoroform have been considered useful solvents for SEE. Carbon dioxide has so far been the most widely used as a supercritical solvent because of its convenient critical temperature, 304°K, low cost, chemical stability, nonflammability, and nontoxicity. Its polar character as a solvent is intermediate between a truly nonpolar solvent such as hexane and a weakly polar solvent. Moreover, COj also has a large molecular quadrupole. Therefore, it has some limited affinity with polar solutes. To improve its affinity, additional species are often introduced into the solvent as modifiers. For instance, methanol increases C02 s polarity, aliphatic hydrocarbons decrease it, toluene imparts aromaticity, R-2-butanol adds chirality, and tributyl phosphate enhances the solvation of metal complexes. 

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