Aliphatic hydrocarbons butane

Once the heel has been established in the carbon bed, the adsorption of the fuel vapor is characterized by the adsorption of the dominant light hydrocarbons composing the majority of the hydrocarbon stream. Thus it is common in the study of evaporative emission adsorption to assume that the fuel vapor behaves as if it were a single light aliphatic hydrocarbon component. The predominant light hydrocarbon found in evaporative emission streams is n-butane [20,33]. Representative isotherms for the adsorption of n-butane on activated carbon pellets, at two different temperatures, are shown in Fig. 8. The pressure range covered in the Fig. 8, zero to 101 kPa, is representative of the partial pressures encountered in vehicle fuel vapor systems, which operate in the ambient pressure range. 

Fluorination of aliphatic hydrocarbons with cobalt trifluoride gives complex mixtures Isobutane (2-methylpropane) fluorinated at 140-200 °C affords a mixture of 30 products of different degrees of fluorination and of isobutane as well as butane skeletons. The tertiary hydrogen is replaced preferentially Products containing 5-10 atoms of fluorine including a small amount of perfluoroisobutane were isolated [10]. 

Acrylonitrile-butane rubber 140 Aqueous system, fats, aliphatic hydrocarbons... 

On the other hand, there is no evidence to support the assertion that polyethylene vapor berries deteriorate with exposure to soil chemicals. Construction film is a low-density polyethylene. High-density polyethylenes are used for the storage and transportation of an array of chemicals. Polyethylene is chemically stable, but may be adversely affected by aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as hexane, octane, and butane) and chlorinated solvents. It does not appear to be reactive with the acids and salts likely to be encountered in soil and concrete. 

Aliphatic hydrocarbon a compound containing carbon and hydrogen only, which has an open-chain structure (e.g., as ethane, butane, octane, butene) or a cyclic structure (e.g., cyclohexane). 

Aerosols Sprays containing propellants and solvents. In the United States, spray paints contain butane and propane (aliphatic hydrocarbons), fluorocarbon, hydrocarbons, and toluene hair sprays and air fresheners contain butane, propane, and fluorocarbon aerosol spray topical pain relievers and asthma sprays contain fluorocarbon. 

There is also the possibility of distonic, superelectrophilic bis-carbo-nium ions. Despite the fact that such species may be important in the superacid-catalyzed cracking reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, there have been very few studies of such systems. The structures and energies of small distonic alkonium dications have been studied using ab initio calculations.24 For diprotonated -butane (C4Hi22+) two structures were located as stable minima on the potential energy surface. Structure 63 is formed by a protonation of the two terminal C-H bonds, resulting in a pair of two electron-three center bonds. The other structure (64) arises from protonation of the terminal C-H bond and the most distant C-C bond. 

Fig. 10.28. Chemicals from butanes, butylenes, LPG, and higher aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The most common members of aliphatic hydrocarbons are methane, ethane, n-propane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane. In general, after repeated exposure, these compounds cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, asphyxia, and chemical pneumonitis. In high concentrations as gas or vapor, these compounds trigger CNS depression and axonopathy. Keeping up the essential requirements of chemical safety to industrial workers, the ACGIH and OSHA have set the threshold limits for many of the aliphatic hydrocarbons. ... 

Normal-butane gives very similar yields of ethylene and propylene to propane cracking. Methane is lower and more butadiene, C5 + aliphatic hydrocarbons and BTX are produced. 

Aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds are found in lighter fluid and fuel gas, as well as in paint sprays, hair sprays, and air fresheners. These compounds are highly flammable and explosive. They include compounds like acetylene, butane, hexane, isobutene, and propane. Butane is often used as the propellant in aerosol sprays. 

Synonyms -Butane Butyl hydride Methylethyl-methane Liquefied petroleum gas Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Aliphatic hydrocarbon... 

Aliphatic hydrocarbons Ammonia Chlorine Butanes Glycol ethers Hydrochloric acid Methylene chloride Monoethanol amine Oxalic acid Phosphoric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium metasilicate Sulfuric acid Surfactants Tetrachloroethylene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane... 

Saturated hydrocarbon an aliphatic hydrocarbon with no carbon-carbon multiple bonds Example Butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)... 

The products of the photochemical reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen oxides are reasonably well understood. For example, -butane is converted to CH2O, CH3CHO, and methyl ethyl ketone, together with the nitrogen-containing species methyl, ethyl and isopropyl nitrate (14-16) and perox-yacetyl nitrate ( PAN, 17 Altshuller et al., 1969). Radical (RO-, RC = 0 and ROO-) recombination reactions with NO2 probably account for the formation of... 

If we imagine an aliphatic hydrocarbon, in which one hydrogen atom is removed and an -O-H group put in its place, we have an alcohol. The oxygen is bonded to carbon by a covalent bond and so, as distinct from a hydroxide ion, the group is called a hydroxyl group. A number of isomeric alcohols can be obtained, e.g. from the butanes ... 

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