Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons

McNab WW Jr, Narasimhan TN. 1994. Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and groundwater geochemistry A field study. Environmental Science and Technology 28 76-775. 

Although monooxygenases can be involved in the degradation of toluene, there is a complex relation between toluene monooxygenase activity and the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

Fries, G.F. Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions, in Fate of Organic Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment, Advances in Chemistry Series, Gould, R.F., Ed. (Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1972), pp. 256-270. 

Hung, H.-M. and Hoffmann, M.R. Kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons frequency effects, 7 Phys. Chem. A, 103(15) 2734-2739, 1999. 

Li, C.F. and Bradley, R.L. Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in milk and butter oil by ultraviolet energy, J. DairyScl, 52 27-30, 1969. 

Sethunathan, N. and Yoshida, T. Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by Clostridiumsp. isolated from lindane-amended, flooded soil, Plant Soil 38 663-666, 1973a. 

Monooxygenase systems are sometimes involved in the degradation of toluene (Section 6.2.1) and plausibly in the transformation of aromatic compounds to arene oxide intermediates (Chapter 4, Sections 4.2.3 and 4.4.1.1, and in Sections 6.2.2 and 6.3.1.2). There is a complex relation between toluene monooxygenase activity and the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

In the case of relatively small pollutant concentrations, the carbonate content may become a problem since carbonate competes for the OH radical, giving rise to the relatively unreactive [24] carbonate radical [reaction (14)], which inhibits the degradation of the pollutant. In the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons it also interferes by scavenging intermediate chlorine atoms which can carry a chain reaction and in this manner facilitate the degradation [25, 26]. 

Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons under Anaerobic Conditions... 

Most studies of the anaerobic degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons have been carried out with DDT and related compounds. Various microorganisms were studied either as pure cultures or as mixed cultures from environmental sources. In appropriate cases the organisms were studied under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In many cases the two conditions yielded similar end products. 

Anaerobic degradation is one means of reducing the residues in the environment. With the exception of DDT anaerobic degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons has not been the subject of significant study. The emphasis on DDT is appropriate because it is the most abundant residue. However, even in this case, little has been established except that DDD is a major product of DDT degradation. 

Chloroform in drinking water may be aerobically biodegraded to carbon dioxide (Speitel et al. 1989). Bacterial cultures from contaminated sites produced efficient degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in laboratory-scale continuous-flow reactors (Kaestner 1989). Woods and coworkers... 

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Incineration Systems ... 

Sethunathan, N. and T. Yoshida. Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Clostridium sp. Isolated from Lindane-Amended, Flooded Soil, Plant and Soil, 38 663-666 (1973a). 

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