Aligning Objectives

The decisions listed above do not provide an exhaustive list of all supply chain configuration decisions. That, especially, applies to policy decisions. Decisions relevant to a particular decision-making problem, and decision variables characterizing these decisimis, are defined during the supply chain configuration problemsolving process. 

Parameters usually are more specific to a particular decision-making problem compared to other supply chain dimensions discussed earlier. Some common features, however, can be identified. 

Parameters are traditiOTially classified as internal and external. External variables for the supply chain configuration problem are customer demand and requirements in general, taxes, governmental regulations, and others. 

The first group of internal variables represents structural characteristics, which includes representation of the existing supply chain structure, bill of materials, available capacity, and capacity requirements. This group also includes parameters describing attributes of alternative transportation channels (e.g., distance, speed). 

System perspective Joint decision-making Profit and risk sharing 

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Any set of characteristics can be used to describe the compared objects. Object characteristics can be roughly classified as global and local, with the latter providing sufficient local information for object alignment/superposition to be effected. Local similarity can only be estimated when local characteristics are used. Global characteristics are at the other extreme, providing overall descriptions of objects. 

Figure 3 Model building by Modeller [31], First, spatial restraints in the form of atomic distances and dihedral angles are extracted from the template stmcture(s). The alignment is used to determine equivalent residues between the target and the template. The restraints are combined into an objective function. Finally, the model for the target is optimized until a model that best satisfies the spatial restraints is obtained. This procedure is technically similar to the one used in structure determination by NMR.

If we look at ISO 10013, which is referenced for guidance in preparing a quality manual, we will see that it shows that the quality manual is a top-level document containing the stated quality policy, the quality objectives, and a description of the quality system (see Figure 2.2). The definition in ISO 8402 supports this concept and the requirement aligns with this definition. However, ISO 8402, ISO 10013, and the above requirement from ISO 9001 provide a choice as to whether the manual contains or refers to procedures. 

Lack of lubrication. Slipping clamp unduly. Sandy or gritty working conditions. Rubbing against stationary object or abrasive surface. Faulty alignment. Undersized grooves and sheaves. 

Depending upon size and type of unit, the mounting may vary from simply bolting to the floor to attaching to a massive foundation designed specifically for the application. A proper foundation must (1) maintain the alignment and level of the compressor and its driver at the proper elevation, and (2) minimize vibration and prevent its transmission to adjacent building structures and machinery. There are five steps to accomplish the first objective ... 

Solid contacts are incommensurate in most cases, except for two crystals with the same lattice constant in perfect alignment. That is to say, a commensurate contact will become incommensurate if one of the objects is turned by a certain angle. This is illustrated in Fig. 30, where open and solid circles represent the top-layer atoms at the upper and lower solids, respectively. The left sector shows two surfaces in commensurate contact while the right one shows the same solids in contact but with the upper surface turned by 90 degrees. Since the lattice period on the two surfaces, when measured in the x direction, are 5 3 A and 5 A, respectively, which gives a ratio of irrational value, the contact becomes incommensurate. 

Fig. 2.4.2 Photograph of the lift used to reposition the sensitive slice across the sample with a precision of 10 pm. The object (in this case the lower surface of the arm) is placed on top of the plate A, which is parallel to the movable plate B where the sensor is mounted. In this instance the surface of the object is precisely aligned with the flat sensitive slice.

Fig. 2.9.13 Qu asi two-dimensional random ofthe percolation model object, (bl) Simulated site percolation cluster with a nominal porosity map of the current density magnitude relative p = 0.65. The left-hand column refers to simu- to the maximum value, j/jmaK. (b2) Expedited data and the right-hand column shows mental current density map. (cl) Simulated NMR experiments in this sample-spanning map of the velocity magnitude relative to the cluster (6x6 cm2), (al) Computer model maximum value, v/vmax. (c2) Experimental (template) for the fabrication ofthe percolation velocity map. The potential and pressure object. (a2) Proton spin density map of an gradients are aligned along the y axis, electrolyte (water + salt) filling the pore space...

The most common examples of uniaxially oriented materials include fibers, films, and sheets hot-stretched in one direction and composites containing fibers all aligned in one direction. Some injection-molded objects are also primarily uniaxially oriented, but most injection-molded objects have a complex anisotropy that varies from point to point and is a combination of uniaxial and biaxial orientation. 

Figure 7.13 Chiral molecule prevents the parallel alignment of two adjacent solvent molecules (idealized as uniaxial rodlike objects).

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