Global characteristics

Any set of characteristics can be used to describe the compared objects. Object characteristics can be roughly classified as global and local, with the latter providing sufficient local information for object alignment/superposition to be effected. Local similarity can only be estimated when local characteristics are used. Global characteristics are at the other extreme, providing overall descriptions of objects. 

Once the statistical weight matrices and the local geometry of the individual conformers is determined, the RIS approach allows for the extremely efficient estimation of global characteristics. The essential simplifying assumption of the... 

If the spectral lines are broadened but have the same profile, the moments of the spectrum can be expressed in terms of the moments of the non-broadened spectrum and the moments of a separate line. When the moments of the separate line do not exist (for natural line shape), the global characteristics of the spectrum can be found simulating its structure by Monte-Carlo or distribution function methods and then convoluting each calculated line. 

Until recently very little research work had been carried out to determine the relationship between plant cover in the area and the regional or global characteristics of the atmosphere. Our work has been developed in the Amazon region and we have tried to establish the relationship between the present climate equilibrium and the dense forest cover which extends over an area of more than 5 million km The research was carried out in successive stages, involving analysis of surface meteorological data, radiosonde data, satellite photographs, and analysis of chemical and isotope composition of rain water. 

When modeling multichain systems, it is necessary to start with a configuration in which the population of conformers and the global characteristics of... 

From the point of view of technology, it is desirable to know not only the global characteristics of flow, which can be obtained from response curves, but also the velocity and temperature distribution in the individual tank zones. These data, together with those on the kinetics of chemical and physical processes, form a basis of system analysis and technological mastering of the melting process. 

In this view, an ionic bond is a global characteristic of the entire crystal. 

The divergence of all the global characteristic times for anomalous diffusion—as defined in their conventional sense (which is a natural consequence of the underlying Levy distribution), rendering them useless as a measure of the relaxation behavior—signifies the importance of characteristic times for such processes in terms of the frequency-domain representation of... 

In turn, the monochromatic multipole photons are described by the scalar wavenumber k (energy), parity (type of radiation either electric or magnetic), angular momentum j 1,2,..., and projection m = —j,..., / [2,26,27]. This means that even in the simplest case of monochromatic dipole (j = 1) photons of either type, there are three independent creation or annihilation operators labeled by the index m = 0, 1. Thus, the representation of multipole photons has much physical properties in comparison with the plane waves of photons. For example, the third spin state is allowed in this case and therefore the quantum multipole radiation is specified by three different polarizations, two transversal and one longitudinal (with respect to the radial direction from the source) [27,28], In contrast to the plane waves of photons, the projection of spin is not a quantum number in the case of multipole photons. Therefore, the polarization is not a global characteristic of the multipole radiation but changes with distance from the source [22],... 

For longer interaction times (gt >1), there are no exact analytical solutions, thus the numerical analysis has to be applied. We have used two methods to study the quantum dynamics (1) the well-known Hamiltonian diagonalization proposed by Walls and Barakat [24] and (2) the method of global characteristics based on manipulation with spectra [20]. These methods can be applied for arbitrary initial photon statistics. Nevertheless, for the purpose of our chapter, we restrict our analysis to the initial coherent fields solely. Owing to computa-... 

Measurement of inflame data provides an insight into the global characteristics of flames such as radiation and pollutant emission. Due to the inherent asymmetric nature of TDFCF, inflame measurements are usually taken along horizontal and vertical directions at various locations along the flame trajectory. This section presents a summary of data on inflame temperature, species concentration, and velocity profile measurements in TDFCF. 

On a broader level, the topology of the diagrams can be used to infer global characteristics of potential landscapes that control the dynamic relaxation of ensembles. For example, most speculations as to whether protein landscapes have funneling or glassy properties [49,50] have been based on computational studies performed on lattice models that attain simplicity at the expense of accuracy [51-53]. However, whereas these models may adequately account for important packing constraints... 

Scaling law theories are concerned with the universal properties of polymer molecules. These originate in their global characteristics. The detailed local properties are ignored. This concept is well illustrated by the radius of gyration, Rg, of a polymer chain. Flory has shown that / , is given by... 

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