Algae Skeletonema costatum

Morton International, Inc. (1996a) Acute toxicity of monomethyl-tin trichloride to the marine alga, Skeletonema costatum. Study conducted by T.R. Wllbury Laboratories, Inc., Marblehead, MA,... 

Marine alga, Skeletonema costatum 5.9 50% growth reduction in 5 days at 0.75% salinity 6... 

Alga, Skeletonema costatum As+5 Alga, Thalassiosira 0.13 Growth inhibition 3... 

As Alga, Skeletonema costatum 0.58 Arrested sporeling development 7 days posttreatment after exposure for 18 h 12... 

Saline waters using algae (Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum), shrimps (Crangon crangori), Pacific Ocean oyster larvae (Crassostrea gigas), young turbots (Rhombus maximus), and flatfish (Pleuronectes platessa)... 

Thompson RS, Madeley JR (1983) Toxicity of a chlorinated paraffin to the marine algae Skeletonema costatum. Imperial Chemical Industries PEC, Devon, England (Brixham Report No BL/B/2328)... 

Algae [Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) Seawater ISO 10253 and DIN 38412 L45 See further ISO 14442... 

The most commonly used species of freshwater algae are Raphidocelis subcapitata (former Selenastrum capricornutum), Desmodesmus armatus (former Scenedesmus subspicatus) and Chlorella sp., and the marine algae Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. They are well known for their physiological properties and sensitivity to a couple of toxic elements and organic substances. Their optimal growth conditions are known as well as their reproduction rate, which is a validity criterion for the standardised tests. 

DIN 38412 L45, Growth Inhibition Test using the Marine Algae Skeletonema Costatum and Phaeodactylum Tricornutum, Deutsches Institiit fiir Norms, Berlin, Germany, 1998. 

Algae (Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum) seawater ISO 10253 [55] DIN 38412 L45 [56] ... 

Marine algae, 4 species Isochrysis galbana, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Nitzchia angularis 1000 pg/L algae in 48 h in a biomass-dependent manner when cells increased from 100/mL to 2 million/mL. In absence of alga, up to 33% of fenvalerate added to glass containers was adsorbed to container walls in 48 h Insufficient to produce 50% growth inhibition in 96 h 2... 

DEV L45 - DIN EN ISO 10253 (1998) Water quality - Marine algae growth inhibition test with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (ISO 10253 1995), Beuth Verlag, Berlin. 

Effect of Culture Aoe. Sample age of Skeletonema affected the fatty acid composition of batch 2 compared to batches 1, 3, and 4 (Table I). At harvest time batches 1, 3, and 4 were two weeks old whereas batch 2 was three weeks old. The total fatty acid content was 35.2, 48.7, 24.2 and 60.1 mg fatty acid/g of dried algae for batches one through four, respectively. Figure 14 indicates the difference in the fatty acid profiles between two and three week old cultures. A sharp increase was observed in the production of C14 0 (260%) and C16 l (230%) for the three week old culture compared to the two week old culture. The relative proportion of C20 5w3 for the three week old culture was smaller compared to the two week culture (0.16 versus 0.07). Ackman et al.(6) reported a decrease in the degree of unsaturation in the lipids of Skeletonema costatum with maturity. Figure 14 indicates that the overall level of lipids were 75% higher in the three week old cultures compared to the two week old cultures. It is also evident from the same figure that the proportion of polyunsaturated lipids decreased with time, and that of the saturated lipids increased. Age comparison on the lipid levels were not studied in the case of Ochromonas. 

An early study of iron limitation in the diatom Skeletonema costatum (Droop, 1973) showed that at least some eukaryote cells can both store a substantial amount of iron and subsist on very little of the metal. Indeed, the lowest content in Droop s study is close to the theoretical minimum, of order 1 pat Fe at C, that can be deduced from the photosynthetic requirement of 23 Fe atoms for the cytochromes in a photosynthetic unit (PSU) of 900 molecules of chlorophyll (Flynn Hipkin, 1999). It has been claimed that oceanic algae require less iron in relation to phosphorus (Brand, 1991) or carbon (Sunda etal, 1991) than do coastal algae. 

This inhibiting activity on the part of the algae and the role it plays in the natural environment were established by the observations of Sieburth and Pratt (1962) on the inhibition of coliforms and Vibrio in Neur ansett Bay, following the blooms of the diatom Skeletonema costatum. Similarly, studies carried out by Aubert and co-workers (1967—1975) showed that biosecretions of some diatoms Asterionella japonica, Asterionella notata. 

A unique group of Cig fatty acids have the normal cis-methylene-interrupted structures, but with n-1, m-4 and n-1 structures. It is clear that in some typical algae such as Skeletonema costatum (Ackman et al., 1964), simple application of the basic Ci8 chain desaturation to a Ci6 chain allows desaturation in parallel ... 

Compound Algae Selenastrum capricornutum Skeletonema costatum Invertebrates Cladoceran Daphnia Shrimp magna Mysidopsis (48-h LC50) bahia Fish Bluegill Sheepshead minnow ... 

Compound Algae Selenastrum capricornutm Skeletonema costatum Invertebrates Daphnia Mysidopsis magna bahia Bluegill Fish Sheepshead minnow... 

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