Alfisols

Alfisols Bt horizon with moderate base saturation Temperate deciduous forests... 

Soil Order Entisols Gelisols Inceptisols Spodosols Inceptisols Alfisols... 

Martins JM, Monrozier EJ, Chalamet A, et al. 1997. Microbial response to repeated applications of low concentrations of pentachlorophenol in an alfisol under pasture. Chemosphere 35(8) 1637-1650. 

Melanization, responsible for the Mollisol soil order, 2. Pedoturbation, responsible for the Vertisol soil order, and 3. Argilluviation (mobilization and transport of clay to an accumulation horizon) responsible for the Alfisol order. 

Argilluviation is the formation of an argillic illuviation horizon, as a result of translocation of clay from the surface soil to the depth of accumulation. It is the dominant process in the Alfisol order of soils. The process consists of three essential phases ... 

Smectite clays that disperse more easily than non-swelling clays are a common constituent of Alfisols. 

Fig. 1. Arsenate sorption (mmol kg 1) on Alfisol (A) and on Oxisol (B) in the presence of sodium nitrate or sodium nitrate + phosphate (PO4). Redrawn from Smith et al. (2002).

Some heavy metal-tolerant bacterial strains and their sorption capacities for Cu and Cd are listed in Table 1. These bacteria show great potential for remediating soils that are contaminated with toxic metals. Our pot culture experiments showed that the growth of tobacco plants in a Cd-polluted Yellow Brown Soil (Alfisol) was significantly promoted by inoculating the soil with P. Putida in comparison with the non-inoculated soil (Fig. 2). 

Adeoye KB (1986) Physical changes induced by rainfall in the surface layer of an Alfisol, Northern Nigeria. Geoderma, 39 59-66... 

Figure 2.2. An example of an Alfisol this is the Seitz soil series, the state soil of Colorado [2].

However, groupings of soils can be and are made for all soils on this planet, and all soil types can be found on all continents except Antartica. Ultisols, Mollisols, Alfisols, and Spodosols, and other soil types occur in North and South America, Asia, Europe, and Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Thus, researchers and analysts all over the world need to know about soils, soil types, and their nomenclature. 

Wetlands occur on the valley floors and the lower slopes. The soils vary widely with parent materials and other factors, bnt there are some general patterns. On the valley floors, slopes decrease from the top to the bottom and the age and texture of the deposits vary accordingly. Where deposition is most active, the soils are yonng and have little profile development. These are Entisols. But most soils in the valley bottoms show at least some profile development and are Inceptisols or Alfisols where there is a prononnced dry season. 

Where the valley slopes have been terraced for rice and the soil has remained in situ for a long time-hnndreds of years-there may be inherited clay illuviation leading to man-made Alfisols and Ultisols. Artificial Entisols may occur where... 

The main wetland areas are in the river basins. Levee deposits become increasingly fine textured with distance downstream and distance away from the river. The soils are mostly Entisols and Inceptisols, and, where levees grade into basins, Alfisols or Ultisols. Soils in the basins are typically fine-textured and wet but many types occur due to differences in parent materials, rates of deposition. 

Alfisols show marked clay translocation down the profile without excessive depletion of bases Aqualfs (Gleyic Luvisols) are water-saturated for part of the year Ustalfs (Luvisols, except Gleyic, pt Eutric Nitosols, pt) are seasonally dry Udalfs (Luvisols, except Gleyic, pt Eutric Nitosols, pt) are continuously moist. 

Ultisols show marked clay ttanslocation with intensive leaching and depletion of bases Aquults (Gleyic Acrisols Plinthic Acrisols, pt Dystric Plansols, pt), Ustults (Acrisols, pt Dystric Nitosols) and Udults (Acrisols, pt Dystric Nitosols) as for Alfisols. 

Panayiotopoulos KP, Barbayiannis N, Papatolios K (2004) Influence of electrolyte concentration, sodium adsorption ratio, and mechanical disturbance on dispersed clay particle size and critical flocculation concentration in alfisols. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 35 1415-1434... 

Kj, or the ratios of solution-phase solute concentration and adsorbed-phase concentration were calculated to estimate the relative affinity of the soils for phenolic acids. The Kj values for p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, and syringic icids were 67, 75, 69, 92 and 376, respectively for a 48-hr equilibration of 0.1 nmol mL phenolic acid solution with a sample of an alfisol preextracted in boiling water. The sorption capacity was greatly reduced by pretreatment of soil samples with sodium acetate-hydrogen peroxide to remove organic matter and metal sesquioxides. 

As before but non-redoximorphic moderately acid Alfisols, Inceptisols 0.07-0.15... 

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