Acetic hydrogenation

Preproduction dye developer negatives used a combination of cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate as barrier layers. The images produced from these negatives were outstanding in color isolation, color saturation, and overall color balance. However, solvent coating was requited with this composition, and it was not used in production. 

Cyclopentanone Cyanoacetic acid Ammonium acetate Hydrogen... 

In a hydrogenation autoclave are introduced 92 g of 2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenylbenzoate preceded by 200 cc of ethyl acetate Raney nickel, obtained from 30 g of alloy, is added with 300 cc of ethyl acetate. Hydrogenation under pressure (100 to 120 kg) at ordinary temperature is carried out during a period of about 12 hours. The nickel is filtered off and the ethyl acetate is removed by distillation on the water bath under a vacuum of 300 mm. There is thus obtained 80 g of crude damp 2-hydroxy-4-aminophenylbenzoate which after recrystallization from isopropyl alcohol melts at 153°C. 

Nitroso Acetals Hydrogenation of a nitroso acetal on Ra-Ni at 1 atm H2 for 1 hour afforded a ketone via the hydrogenolysis of the N-O bonds and the cyclohexyl C—O bond (Scheme 4.147).546... 

Study of model systems has revealed a tendency for photochemical abstraction of axial, rather than equatorial, acetal hydrogen atoms in... 

Roy R, Conrad R. 1999. Effect of methanogenic precursors (acetate, hydrogen, propionate) on the suppression of methane production by nitrate in anoxic rice field soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 28 49-61. 

Reaction of 1-nitropropane with glutaraldehyde in aqueous ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide yields a mixture of two products, the major component of which, lr-ethyl-l-nitrocyclohexane-2c,6f-diol (98), can be isolated in 36% yield ). Acid-catalyzed acetylation converts (98) into the di-O-acetate, hydrogenation yields the corresponding amine, which has been characterized as the hydroacetate, N-acetate and triacetate. Configurational assignments followed from NMR data, which clearly showed the steric non-equivalence of the two hydroxyl groups vicinal to the tertiary center. 

Reactivity Is typical of an acrylamide. For example, compound 1 shows essentially 1 1 copolymerizablllty with butyl acrylate. Copolymerizablllty has also been demonstrated with styrene, other acrylates and methacrylates, vinyl acetate (VAc), VAc/ethylene and vinyl chlorlde/ethylene. High molecular weight polymers and copolymers remain soluble. Indicating any chain transfer to polymer, e.g. through abstraction of the acetal hydrogen. Is minor. 

Kj, or the ratios of solution-phase solute concentration and adsorbed-phase concentration were calculated to estimate the relative affinity of the soils for phenolic acids. The Kj values for p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, and syringic icids were 67, 75, 69, 92 and 376, respectively for a 48-hr equilibration of 0.1 nmol mL phenolic acid solution with a sample of an alfisol preextracted in boiling water. The sorption capacity was greatly reduced by pretreatment of soil samples with sodium acetate-hydrogen peroxide to remove organic matter and metal sesquioxides. 

Wenkert and Khatuya (51) examined the competition between direct insertion of a carbene into furan (via cyclopropanation) and ylide formation with reactive side-chain functionality such as esters, aldehydes, and acetals. They demonstrated the ease of formation of aldehyde derived carbonyl ylides (Scheme 4.30) as opposed to reaction with the electron-rich olefin of the furan. Treatment of 3-furfural (136) with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) and rhodium acetate led to formation of ylide 137, followed by trapping with a second molecule of furfural to give the acetal 138 as an equal mixture of isomers at the acetal hydrogen position. 

Related compound (B) has the systematic name methyl-( )-(o-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6-(7H)-acetate, hydrogen sulfate salt [2], and is a racemic residue formed during the manufacturing process. This compound may appear as a racemic mixture in samples of bulk drug substance as impurities (la) and (lb) [6, 7]. 

On this basis one can deduce the course of cupric acetate hydrogenation during any single experiment, the rate again being assumed to be proportional to the concentration of cuprous acetate dimer. Figure 6 shows the agreement obtained between the theoretical curve (solid curve) and the observed data (circles) for an experiment in which the hydro-... 

Acetic acid Potassium hydroxide Potassium acetate Hydrogen Lead tetraacetate... 

Cyclopentanone Cyanoacetic acid Ammonium acetate Hydrogen Magnesium Methyl iodide Methylamine Hydrogen chloride... 

Trifluoromethylphenothiazine l-(3-Hydroxypropyl)piperazine p-Bromoethyl acetate Hydrogen chloride... 

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