Alcoholism pathological

Because alcohol intoxication may be simulated by many pathologic conditions, including diabetic acidosis, the postconvulsive depression of epilepsy, uremia, head injuries, and poisonings by any other central nervous depressant and some stimulants (280), a diagnosis of acute alcoholism should not be made casually chemical testing of blood, urine, or expired air is always desirable. 

A number of proteomic studies on archival material have utilized Liquid Tissue (Expression Pathology, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD), a commercial protein extraction kit for FFPE tissue.4,9,25-28 This kit is also based upon HIAR techniques and shares a similar work flow to the methods already discussed. Thin, typically 5-10pM, sections are cut from paraffin tissue blocks, the paraffin is removed, and the tissue deparaffinized and rehydrated in alcohols and distilled water before microdissection. The cellular material is then suspended in Liquid Tissue buffer and heated at 95°C for 90 min. Trypsin is added, and the material is digested overnight at 37°C prior to reduction with DTT and analysis by LC-MS/MS.26... 

A striking phenomenon which probably involves biochemical individuality is that of pathological intoxication. Occasionally an individual, who may be a habitual drinker or not, is afflicted. In a typical case the individual goes berserk and may commit all sorts of crimes and cause damage to property. After a subsequent long sleep he has no memory of his acts.9 This very special type of drunkenness is not caused by any special type of alcohol or necessarily by large amounts it fortunately happens only rarely, and involves only a few individuals. Whether certain individuals are peculiarly susceptible and have repeated typical attacks (these would be classed, no doubt, as alcoholic psychotics) is not clear in any event only certain rare individuals ever are in such a condition as to be susceptible. 

It appears likely that the term "pathological intoxication" may be applied only to extremely acute cases, and that less acute examples of essentially the same disease exist without getting special notice. It is well known that the effect of alcohol on different individuals is often characteristic some become drowsy, some sad, some happy, some pugnacious. Pathological intoxication may occur in certain individuals, whose make-up predisposes to it, when they are in a particular metabolic and endocrine state. 

There are many pathological effects of excessive alcohol consumption. The most important are neuronal and gonadal dysfunction, hypoglycaemia, fatty liver , and hepatitis, which can eventually lead to cirrhosis of the liver. 

A variety of pathological problems involving the CNS have been described in chronic alcoholics, the main ones being Wernicke s encephalopathy and Korsakoff s psychosis Brain damage from chronic ethanol consumption can be especially severe in the elderly and may accelerate aging. 

SR105 Jommi, G., L. Verotta, and M. ]. Magistretti. Alcohols isolated from lipophilic Serenoa repens extracts and their use for the treatment of prostate pathologies. Patent-Eur Pat Appl-287,000 1988 9 pp. 

Thymoleptics and thvmeretics are not happy pills , nor are they euphorics. In the case of endogenous depression there is a balancing out of pathological low mood, an effect that is normally obtained in two to three weeks or even longer in many cases. The first effect to become apparent in most cases of depression is the calming one, with the result that anxiousness, unrest and sleep disturbances can be reduced quickly and hence the patient s confidence in the treatment increases. Drugs that may be stimulating or cause euphoria in healthy volunteers, such as amphetamine, alcohol or cocaine, are not suitable for use as antidepressants. 

A.M. Mosunov and A.V. Pozdnyakov used Enterosgel for acceleration of regression of hepato-depressive syndrome in patients with severe diffuse liver pathology, and reported shortened terms of disability of these patients from 29.4 3.8 to 18.3 2.4 days [81], A.B. Kaydulov and I.V. Vasilenko observed fast reduction of toxic and abstinent events as well as improved functional state of the Uver and decreased requirement for transfusion therapy in patients with alcoholic intoxication and in patients with abstinence syndrome of moderate severity, treated with Enterosgel [82]. 

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a relatively uncommon but important entity characterized by paralysis of the external eye muscles, ataxia, and a confused state that can progress to coma and death. It is associated with thiamin deficiency but is rarely seen in the absence of alcoholism. Because of the importance of thiamine in this pathologic condition and the absence of toxicity associated with thiamine administration, all patients suspected of having Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (including virtually all patients who present to the emergency department with altered consciousness, seizures, or both) should receive thiamine therapy. Often, the ocular signs, ataxia, and confusion improve promptly upon administration of thiamine. However, most patients are left with a chronic disabling memory disorder known as Korsakoff s psychosis. 

Feigelman, W., P. H. Kleinman, H. R. Lesieur, and Robert B. Millman. 1995. "Pathological Gambling Among Methadone Patients." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 39 75-81. 

Typical pathological values show a strong pink color. Other colors should not be interpreted. Values elevated at least fivefold are proof of acute porphyria. Lower, but still increased values may be encountered in asymptomatic porphyria patients and as a secondary phenomenon due to alcohol intake or stress. PBG elevation is apparently more specific for porphyria. 

The (Cu,Zn)-SOD levels in erythrocytes of normal human subjects are fairly constant 461 46 (standard deviation) gg/g hemoglobin. Results are also reported for several pathological conditions Small differences were e.g. observed in erythrocytes with on the average a 19 % decrease in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and a 20% increase in black alcoholics in contrast with white alcoholics Sickled erythrocytes showed significantly higher levels of (Cu,Zn)-SOD 170 % on the average of those of normal erythrocytes Tumor cells as a rule seem to have lower or zero levels of (Mn)-SOD... 

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