Pathological gambling

Side effects include dyskinesias, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, sleep attacks, pathologic gambling, discoloration of urine/sweat, and psychiatric effects (confusion, hallucinations, nightmares, and altered behavior). Dyskinesias caused by adding other PD drugs to levodopa may be improved by decreasing the levodopa dose. Motor complications occur in about 40% of patients within 4 to 6 years of starting levodopa.1,8,24,25,37... 

Another interesting development is the growing clinical literature on the use of SSRIs in body dysmorphic disorder, which may be part of the OCD spectrum. Also of interest are positive clinical reports with these agents in the treatment of pathological gambling, sexual compulsions, kleptomania, and compulsive buying. 

Bergh, Cecilia, Tomas Eklund, Per Sodersten, and Conrad Nordin. 1997. "Altered Dopamine Function in Pathological Gambling." Psychological Medicine 27 473-75. 

Blanco, C, L. Orensanz-Munoz, C. Blanco-Jerez, and J. Saiz-Ruiz. 1996. "Pathological Gambling and Platelet MAO Activity A Psychobiological Study." American Journal of Psychiatry 153 119-21. 

Blaszczynski, A., Z. Steel, and N. McConaghy. 1997. "Impulsivity in Pathological Gambling The Antisocial Impulsivist." Addiction 92 75-87. 

Carrasco, J. L., J. Saiz-Ruiz, E. Hollander, J. Cesar, and J. J. Lopez-Ibor. 1994. "Low Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Pathological Gambling." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 90 427-31. 

Daghestani, Amin N., Eileen Elenz, and John W. Crayton. 1996. "Pathological Gambling in Hospitalized Substance Abusing Veterans." Journal cf Clinical Psychiatry 57 360-63. 

Feigelman, W., P. H. Kleinman, H. R. Lesieur, and Robert B. Millman. 1995. "Pathological Gambling Among Methadone Patients." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 39 75-81. 

Hollander, Eric,and Cherdy M. Wong. 1995. "Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Pathological Gambling, and Sexual Compulsions." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 56 [suppl. 4J 7-12. 

Perez de Castro, I., A. Ibanez, P. Torres, J. Saiz-Ruiz, and J. Femandez-Piqueras, 1997. "Genetic Association Between Pathological Gambling and a Functional DNA Polymorphism at the D4 Receptor Gene." Pharmacogenetics 7 345-48. 

Rupcich, N., G. R. Frisch, and R. Govoni. 1997. "Comorbidity of Pathological Gambling in Addiction Treatment Facilities." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 14 573-74. 

Other forms of behavior have been shown to be similar to the classical addictions. Some people seem unable to control their use of credit cards or, more generally, to control their impulse to obtain goods in a pattern that is detrimental to their economy and, often, their social life. Others seem to be sexually insatiable or at least unable to abstain from the pursuit of new and ever more frequent sexual encounters. These types of behavior are often named manias, obviously to illustrate a state of mind characterized by impoverished self-insight and self-control. The common phenomenological feature of these cases—pathological gambling, eating... 

Rosenthal, Richard J., and Loreen J. Rugle. 1994. "A Psychodynamic Approach to the Treatment of Pathological Gambling Part I. Achieving Abstinence." Journal of Gambling Studies 10 21-42. 

Lithium is also effective in individuals with co-morbid pathological gambling and a mood disturbance. In a randomized, 10-week, placebo-controlled study in 40 subjects randomly assigned to modified-release lithium or placebo, 83% of those who took lithium responded compared with only 29% of those who took placebo (100). 

Driver-Dunkley E, Samanta J, Stacy M. Pathological gambling associated with dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson s disease. Neurology 2003 61 422-3. 

The treatment of intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pyroma-nia, pathological gambling, trichotillomania, and impulse control disorder not otherwise specified is beyond the scope of this text, and we only briefly discuss some key aspects of impulse control disorders, about which the therapist should seek consultation with the psychiatrist. In particular, one must consider whether the person with intermittent problems of impulse control is manifesting a partial complex seizure (rare), or whether the person who habitually or rhythmically pulls his or her hair has a partial complex seizure instead of trichotillomania (unusual). 

Indications Reversal of opioid depression, alcohol dependence, pathological gambling, pruritus of cholestasis Category Antidote Opioid antagonist Half-life 10.8 Hours... 

Comings DE, Rosenthal RJ, Lesieur HR et al (1996) A study of the dopamine D2 receptor gene in pathological gambling. Pharmacogenetics 6 223-234... 

ADHD, pathological gambling, and substance abuse. Am J Med Genet 88 358-368... 

The primary function and goal of the DSMs is to lend credibility to the claim that certain (mis)behaviors are mental disorders and that such disorders are medical diseases. Thus, pathological gambling enjoys the same status as a disease as myocardial infarction. In effect, the APA maintains that betting is an action the patient cannot control, and that, generally, all psychiatric symptoms or disorders are outside the patient s control. 1 reject that claim as patently false. 

A case of pathological gambling was attributed to the combined use of bromocriptine and levodopa/carbidopa in a 54-year-old woman. ... 

Susceptibility factors Genetic The risk of pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson s disease taking levodopa has been linked to at least one copy of the seven-repeat allele in the dopamine DRD4 gene [62 ]. 

Kolia BP, Mansukhani MP, Barraza R, Bostwick JM. Impact of dopamine agonists on compulsive behaviors a case series of pramipexole-induced pathological gambling. Psychosomatics 2010 51(3) 271-3. 

Increased appetite and significantly more weight gain (2.7 kg versus 0.1 kg) were also found in 42 patients with pathological gambling who were randomized in a 12-week study to olanzapine (mean dose 8.9 mg/ day) or placebo [95 ]. 

McElroy SL, Nelson EB, Welge JA, Kaehler L, Keck Jr. PE. Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling a negative randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2008 69(3) 433-40. 

Sequela Pathological gambling due to dopamine receptor agonists (particularly pramipexole) and other compulsive behaviors... 

Dapsone hemolytic anemia and/or methemoglobinemia Diuretics, loop and thiazide hyponatremia and hypokalemia Dopamine receptor agonists pathological gambling Dopamine receptor agonists sleep attacks Ephedrine ischemic heart disease... 

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