Gonadal dysfunction

Gonadal dysfunction is common with amenorrhea seen in up to 75% of women. 

Long-term complications of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and chemora-diotherapy include gonadal dysfunction, secondary malignancies, and cardiac disease. Patients treated for HL are at increased risk of developing leukemia, GI tumors, lung cancer, and breast cancer. 

There are many pathological effects of excessive alcohol consumption. The most important are neuronal and gonadal dysfunction, hypoglycaemia, fatty liver , and hepatitis, which can eventually lead to cirrhosis of the liver. 

Gonadal dysfunction There is evidence of reduced gonadal function in men who suffer from alcoholism. This manifests itself as impotence, testicular atrophy, gynaeco-... 

Cyclophosphamide and vincristine are examples of alkylating agents capable of inducing gonadal dysfunction. Premature menopause is a primary outcome of exposure to these agents. Amenorrhea and abnormal hormonal levels are characteristics of the ovarian dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide. 

Paul. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in men using cimetidine. N. Eng. J. Med. 300 1012-1015,... 

Wallace WH, Shalet SM, Crowne EC, Morris-Jones PH, Gattamaneni HR, Price DA. Gonadal dysfunction due to cis-platinum. Med Pediatr Oncol 1989 17(5) 409-13. 

Gonadal dysfunction (increased prolactin and luteinizing hormone, decreased testosterone)... 

Hypogonadism in the male may be primary (where the cause is a failure of testosterone synthesis or of spermatogenesis in the testes) or secondary where the problem is in the hypothalamus or pituitary. Gonadal dysfunction in women may present as primary or secondary amenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism or virilism. 

Boobes Y, Bemieh B, Saadi H, Raafat Al, Hakim M, Abouchacra S. Gonadal dysfunction and infertility in kidney transplant patients receiving sirolimus. Int Urol Nephrol 2010 42(2) 493-8. 

Of 170 kidney transplant patients, nine (six men and three women) were taking sirolimus four of the men developed gonadal dysfunction and infertility on average 5-12 months after transplantation [68 j. 

This presents in children as delayed puberty or in adults as infertility. It can be a primary condition due to gonadal dysfunction or secondary to hypothalamic or pituitary disorders. 

---