Alcoholic hydroxyl acetal derivatives

Fluoroalkyl Glycosides (RFn-(CH2)2-n-0-sugar) and Perfluor-oalkylidene Acetals Derived from Sugars The very low nucleophilicity of fluoroalcohols makes it difficult to substitute of a hydroxyl (anomeric or not). ° This is the reason why this type of ether is not very common. Such ethers have only been isolated in very small quantities in solvolysis reactions, or in carben insertions, performed in fluorous alcohols.Preparation of these ethers has been solved by means of the Mitsunobu reaction. This reaction is known to be dependent on the pA a of the acceptor of the glycosyl the acidity of fluorous alcohols allows a much easier deprotonation than with non fluorinated alcohols." ... 

Asparagine is derived from succinic acid by replacing one hydrogen atom and one hydroxyl group by amido groups. The compound occurs in nature in asparagus and in many other plants. The reaction by which it is converted into malic acid, is similar to those in which methyl alcohol and acetic acid are formed from methylamine and acetamide, respectively —... 

Pilosine has the molecular formula CieHigOaNj and is a monoacidic base which contains one JV-methyl group, no imino group and no methoxyl group. The presence of a lactonic structure is shown by titration with hot alkali. The alkaloid also contains an alcoholic hydroxyl group, the presence of which is indicated by the preparation of an amorphous benzoyl derivative, and by the dehydration of the alkaloid with hot acetic anhydride to anhydropilosine, C16H16O2N2. This optically active, mono-acidic base still contains the lactone structure, but unlike pilosine it is immediately oxidized by cold aqueous potassium permanganate (46,116). 

A chemical compound formed by the reaction of an organic or inorganic acid with an alcohol or with another organic compound containing the hydroxyl (-OH) radical. The reaction involves replacement of the hydrogen of the acid with a hydrocarbon group. The name of an ester indicates its derivation e.g., the ester resulting from the reaction of ethyl alcohol and acetic acid is called ethyl acetate. Esters have important uses in the formulation of some petroleum additives and synthetic lubricants. 

Acetates = (1) Metallic salts derived from acetic acid by interaction of the metallic oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with the acid or the esters derived by interaction of alcohols with acetic acid, which include the common esters of ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and amyl acetates. (2) A generic name for cellulose acetate plastics, particularly for fibers thereof. When at least 92% of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated, the term triacetate may be used as the generic name of the fiber. (3) A compound containing the acetate group, CH3COO-. 

Reaction with Allylic Halides, Alcohols, and their Derivatives. Allylation of allyl and propargyl trimethylsilyl ethers as well as benzyl and propargylic alcohol derivatives proceeds in the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis acids, such as ZnC, TMS(OTf), and B(C6F5)3. Direct substitutions of the hydroxyl group of allylic, ben-zylic, and propargylic alcohols are catalyzed by HN(S02F)2, a rhenium-oxo complex, and InCls (eq 27). A combination of chlorodimethylsilane and allyltrimethylsilane effectively promotes the deoxygenative allylation of aromatic ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of an indium compound, such as indium trihalide or metallic indium (eq 28). Allylation of cyclic allylic acetates with allyltrimethylsilane can be catalyzed by molecular iodine. ... 

The synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone [89-84-9] (21) by acylation reactions of resorcinol has been extensively studied. The reaction is performed using acetic anhydride (104), acetyl chloride (105), or acetic acid (106). The esterification of resorcinol by acetic anhydride followed by the isomerization of the diacetate intermediate has also been described in the presence of zinc chloride (107). Alkylation of resorcinol can be carried out using ethers (108), olefins (109), or alcohols (110). The catalysts which are generally used include sulfuric acid, phosphoric and polyphosphoric acids, acidic resins, or aluminum and iron derivatives. 2-Chlororesorcinol [6201-65-1] (22) is obtained by a sulfonation—chloration—desulfonation technique (111). 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene [533-73-3] (23) is obtained by hydroxylation of resorcinol using hydrogen peroxide (112) or peracids (113). 

Carbon Cha.in Backbone Polymers. These polymers may be represented by (4) and considered derivatives of polyethylene, where n is the degree of polymeriza tion and R is (an alkyl group or) a functional group hydrogen (polyethylene), methyl (polypropylene), carboxyl (poly(acryhc acid)), chlorine (poly(vinyl chloride)), phenyl (polystyrene) hydroxyl (poly(vinyl alcohol)), ester (poly(vinyl acetate)), nitrile (polyacrylonitrile), vinyl (polybutadiene), etc. The functional groups and the molecular weight of the polymers, control thek properties which vary in hydrophobicity, solubiUty characteristics, glass-transition temperature, and crystallinity. 

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