Classification tests alcohols

After the unknown is assigned to one of the solubility groups (Fig. 2) on the basis of solubility tests, the possible type should be further narrowed by application of classification tests, e.g., for alcohols, or methyl ketones, or esters. 

Analysis Weigh the product and compute the yield. Perform the alcoholic silver nitrate and sodium iodide/acetone classification tests on your product (Sec. 25.9). Obtain IR and NMR spectra of your starting material and product and compare them with those of authentic samples (Figs. 8.28 and 14.1-14.4). 

Claisen head adapter, 20, 26,134 Claisen-Schmidt reaction, 309-317 classification tests, 640-654. See also qualitative analysis alcohols, 640-642 aldehydes, 642-644 alkanes, 644-645 alkenes, 645 alkyl halides, 645-646 aUcynes, 645 amides, 647-648 amines, 648-649 ammonium salts, 647-648 aromatic hydrocarbons, 649-650 carboxylic acids, 650 cycloalkanes, 644-645 defined, 630 enols, 653-654 esters, 650-651 ethers, 651... 

Nitro-esters. These are usually almost white, or yellow. The nitro-group is most likely to be a nuclear substituent of an aromatic parent add or alcohol (or phenol). Apply classification test for the nitro-group. 

Some criticism (23, 24, 34) of our previously presented results does not consider all the kinetic data obtained recently in the systematic study of such families as alkylaromatics, ethers, alcohols. Taken together, the cross tests permitted classification of many of the compounds studied by substituent as well as by relative kt values. This arrangement is shown in Table II. Once this was done, all that remained was to standardize the absolute value of this classification and to check its accuracy. For this purpose, we used several values of kt available from the literature for the compounds studied. Table III lists these values corrected to 60°C., where the authors gave an activation energy measurement for the recombination reaction, but otherwise listed without correction. Considering the slight variation of these constants with temperature they are... 

Top-down approach1 Identification of serious eye damage Positive results lead to serious eye damage (GHS Cat. 1) classification Bovine Corneal Opacity and permeability (BCOP) test Validated and adopted (OECD TG 437) Applicable to substances and formulations. Positive results obtained with alcohols or ketones should be interpreted cautiously due to risk of overprediction. 

Classification Phospholipids Formula CH20RiCH0R2CH20P(0)(0H)0R3 Properties YIsh. amorphous char, odor and taste insol. in water, acetone sol. in chloroform, ether si. sol. in alcohol dens. 1.00 Uses Medicine biochemical research diagnostic use clinical reagent (liver function test) skin conditioner in cosmetics promotes blood clotting in after-shave prods. Manuf./Distrib. Fluka http //www.sigma-aldrich.com] Sigma... 

To choose proper test substances, McReynolds studied the behavior of a large number of substances of the following compound classes alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, acetals, ethers, oxides, hydrocarbons, chloro compounds, difunctional and polyfunctional compounds, and other miscellaneous substances. " For the stationary phase classification, he eventually proposed benzene, n-butanol, 2-pentanone, 1-nitropropane, and pyridine to represent compounds of different chemical interactions. " McReynolds characteristic phase constants for these five compounds describe the selectivity of the phase. 

Where important variations of the structure of the typical functional group are likely to be encountered, the General Tests for the type are followed by other tests designed to assist in a more exact classification of the type variant. For example, the General Tests for alcohols are followed by distinguishing tests for primary secondary and tertiary alcohols. Naturally, the latter tests need not be applied unless positive results have been obtained in the General Tests. 

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