Human airway epithelial cell cultures

Gruenert DC, Finkbeiner WE, Widdicombe JH (1995) Culture and transformation of human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 268(3 Pt 1) L347-L360. 

Since the human airway epithelial cells will be used as a paradigm for the transformation of different cell lines, the following descriptions will focus on primary airway epithelial cells. The generation and isolation of an immortalized cell line is relatively straightforward, but requires attention to detail. Generally, primary cultures of cells are isolated from tissue using mechanical and/or enzymatic cellular dissociation protocols [21, 88-90] (Appendix 1). 

Cambrey, A.D., Kwon, O.J., McAnulty, RJ., Harrison, N.K., Barnes, P.J., Laurent, G.J. and Chung, K.F. (1993). Release of fibroblast proliferative activity from cultured human airway epithelial cells a role for insulin-like growth fector 1 (IGF-1). Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 147, A272. 

Camner etal. 1984, Horie et al. 1985). Studies in cultured human airway epithelial cells indicate that the chronic active inflammation and fibrosis of the lung induced by inhalation of 0X1382 involves the expression of an inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8). Xickel induced transcription of IL-8 occurs through a pathway that requires oxidant-sensitive activator protein (AP-1) and non-traditional transcription factors (Barchowsky et al. 2002). 

M. Yoshida, K. Nakayama, H. Yasuda, H. Kuho, K. Kuwano, H. Aral, M. Yamaya, Carhocisteine inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis in cultured human airway epithelial cells, Respirology 14 (7) (September 2009) 1027—1034. 

T eramoto S, Johnson LG, Huang W, Leigh MW, Boucher RC. Effect of adenoviral vector infection on cell prohferation in cultured primary human airway epithelial cells. Hum Gene Ther 1995 6 1045-1053. 

A relatively new cell line that has not to date been characterised for its use in biopharmaceutics is based on primary airway epithelial cells infected with retroviruses expressing hTERT and HPV-16 E6/E7 (NuLi-1) [54], NuLi-1 cells were cultured on plastic up to passage 30. When grown on collagen-coated, semi-permeable membranes (Millicell-PCF), NuLi-1 TEER decreased only slightly over the 30 passages from 685 31 to 389 21 ohm.cm2. The TEER of NuLi-1 is similar to that observed with the primary bronchial cultures of 532 147 ohm.cm2. Thus, NuLi-1 cells can form an electrically tight airway epithelial barrier that mimics active and passive ion transport properties of primary human bronchial epithelial cells [54],... 

Primary cultures of airway epithelium have been described for many animal species, including humans [53]. These primary epithelial cell cultures have been demonstrated to be useful in investigating the influence of lipophilicity and molecular size on epithelial permeability as well as for investigating mechanisms... 

Lin HC, Li H, Cho HJ, et al. Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of human bronchial epithelial cell monolayers as an in vitro model for airway drag transport studies. J Hiarm Sci 2007 96 341-350. 

A variety of cell culture systems for the modelling of the tracheo-bronchial epithelium are available. These include primary cultures and cell lines of human and animal origins, plus airway cells with characteristics of lung disease such as CF. The advantages and limitations of using a simple culture system compared to one that recreates to a greater extent the epithelial structure and function in vitro should be considered according to the pre-clinical application required. However, this choice is complicated by the lack of comparative data, both between the different cell systems and for in vitro-in vivo correlation, upon which to base such decisions. 

The rate of protein clearance has been estimated as 10% of the rate of fluid clearance from alveoli [173]. IgG clearance is probably mediated by FcRn transcytosis in distal type I alveolar epithelium and more proximal bronchial epithelium. Type I alveolar epithelium and bronchial epithelium contain the necessary subcellular structures for FcRn-mediated transcytosis vesicles, membrane invaginations, caveolae, and clathrin-coated pits [173,174], FcRn mRNA is expressed in lung although the cell types and locations have not yet been determined [112], Moreover, primary alveolar epithelial monolayer cell cultures express functional FcRn [173], plgA-R/SC transcytosis is thought to contribute little to distal (alveolar) airway IgG transport but might mediate more proximal (bronchial or bronchiolar) IgA transport [173], Uptake of an aerosolized IgG Fc-erythropoietin fusion molecule and subsequent erythropoietin-induced reticulocytosis has been demonstrated in human and nonhuman primates [175],... 

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