AI adequate intake

Notes AI, adequate intake. Established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the US Institute of Medicine, the AI is a recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people that are assumed to be adequate. 

DRIs, dietary reference intakes EAR, estimated average requirement RDA, recommended dietary allowance AI, adequate intake.-Data from Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (2002) Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, Amino Acids. Washington, DC The National Academies Press. 

See also ATP entries hydrolysis of, 16 553 20 641 production of, 13 288 Adenosylcobalamin, 25 804 Adenoviruses, 3 136 Adequate Intake (AI), 25 784, 785t Adern, E., 11 8 Adherends, 1 501, 524 Adhesion, 1 501-524. See also Adhesive entries Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs)... 

Reference Intakes (DRIs). In the past, the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), which are the levels of intake of essential nutrients that are considered to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of practically all healthy persons, were the primary reference value for vitamins and other nutrients. The DRIs also include other reference values, such as the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the adequate intake (AI). The RDA, EAR, and AI reference standards define nutritional intake adequacy. Since these recommendations are given for healthy populations in general and not for individuals, special problems, such as premature birth, inherited metabolic disorders, infections, chronic disease, and use of medications, are not covered by the requirements. Separate RDAs have been developed for pregnant and lactating women. Vitamin supplementation may be required by patients with special conditions and for those who do not consume an appropriate diet. 

Optimal dietary intake is difficult to determine. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) in the US are reference values that are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for apparently healthy people. DRIs are composed of reference values including Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), Recoimnended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), Adequate Intakes (AIs) and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Most nations have established the eqnivalent ofthe US DRIs. These are consensus and statistical valnes obtained from retrospective public health dietary studies, controlled experiments on metabolic wards, epidemiological surveys, isotopic tracer investigations, and extrapolation from animal models. 

Institute of Medicine to recommend the retinol activity equivalent (RAE) as the basis of calculation of retinol intake. In this system, a ratio equivalence of 1 12 24 is recommended (i.e., 12jLlg p-carotene or 24 Ug mixed carotenoids has the same biological activity as IjLig retinol). Using this system, current RDAs for vitamin A are 900 pg RAE for men 19 years and older 700 ug RAE for women 19 years and older, with up to 770 xg RAE/day in pregnancy and up to 1300 fig RAE/day in lactation 300 to 900 fig RAE for children 1 to 18 years, dependent upon age and sex and for infants an adequate intake (AI) of 400 fig RAE at 0 to 6 months and 500 fig RAE from 7 to 12 months. ... 

Selenium is known to be an essential micronutrient for humans and animals therefore, inadequate as well as excessive selenium intake can cause adverse health effects. The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council has established adequate intakes (AI) of 15-20 pg/day for infants based on the selenium content of milk of well nourished, but unsupplemented, mothers (NAS 2000). No data were available on which to base RDAs for children or adolescents and so the RDAs for children and adolescents are extrapolated from adult values. Studies of selenium deficient populations suggest that children are more susceptible to the effects of selenium deficiency and have the highest need for selenium of any individuals in the population (Chen et al. 1980 Yang et al. 1988). 

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are used quite a lot and refer to a set of four nutrient-based reference values that represent the approach to provide quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes. The DRIs replace and expand on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for the United States and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) for Canada. The DRIs consist of the RDAs, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and the Adequate Intake (AI). Generally, each of these values represents average daily nutrient intake of individuals in the diet (Goldhaber, 2003 Murphy and Poos, 2002 Parr et ah, 2006 Trumbo et ah, 2001 Yates et ah, 1998). In addition, dietary intake data for minerals could be assessed within the context of the bioavailability and other factors affecting the utilization of elements by the human body, such as age, sex, and health aspects (Dokkum, 1995). 

Recommended dietary allowances (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) for adults (aged 19-50 years). 

Adapted from DRI (2010). The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) apply to children and adults, and the Adequate Intakes (AIs) to infants. 

Adequate Intake (AI). Estimated recommendation of a nutrient, based on survey of scientific data on healthy subjects, when the RDA cannot be... 

Under the umbrella of the DRIs, the omega-3 and omega-6 PFAs actually have reeommendations that are eategorized as Adequate Intakes (AIs) because of an insufficient knowledge base, i.e., mean requirements, to assign RDAs. ... 

Because a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) cannot be determined, an Adequate Intake (AI) has been estimated for co-3 (a-hnolenic acid) and co-6 (linoleic add) fatty adds. The AIs for a-linolenic add for men and women older than 19 years are 1.6 and 1.1 g/day, respectively, and the AIs for hnoleic acid for men and women 19 to 50 years are 17 and 12 g/day, respectively for men and women older... 

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