Agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals

Carbon disulfide is used to produce intermediates in the manufacture of rubber vulcanization accelerators, rayon, carbon tetrachloride, cellophane, and agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals. The end products for the U.S. production of carbon disulfide are given in Table 4.3 [129], Production of carbon disulfide is heavily related to rayon and cellophane which accounts for about 55—65% of its usage [130]. 

Morpholine and N-methyl morpholine are intermediates in the preparation of commercial chemicals such as rubber accelerators, as water and metal corrosion inhibitors, wax emulsifiers, and are also used as extraction solvents. These two cyclic amine-ether solvents are also used in the production of agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals as well as polyurethane catalysts. 

The known methods lead to amino pyridazinones, which are useful intermediates for making agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals, involving Raney-Ni cleavage of the hydrazino pyridazinone(7/, direct amination of the pyridazinones(72-74y), substitution of chloropyridazinone with ammonia at enhanced pressure( /5, and the dechlorination of chloropyridazinone performed in the presence of palladium on charcoal(7 / Therefore, we believe that a novel and convenient synthetic route is provided for the synthesis of aminopyridazinones, which are not easily accessible by traditional methods. 

Applications. These materials are stiU in developmental infancy. Current production is limited to one commercial process in Europe and a demonstration-scale process in North America. The lignins produced in these processes have potential appHcation in wood adhesives, as flame retardants (qv), as slow-release agents for agricultural and pharmaceutical products, as surfactants (qv), as antioxidants (qv), as asphalt extenders, and as a raw material source for lignin-derived chemicals. 

Crystallization continues to be the most widely used method of separating or resolving enantiomers (optical resolutions). The manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals as purified optical isomers, or enantiomers, has taken on a pivotal importance in the pharmaceutical, agricultural and fine chemicals industries over the past 15-20 years. Crystallization has been and continues to be the most widely used method of separating or resolving enantiomers (optical resolutions), and is particularly well suited to separations at large scale in manufacturing processes (Jacques etal., 1981 Roth etai, 1988 Wood, 1997 Cains, 1999). 

The removal of carbobenzyloxy (Cbz or Z) groups from amines or alcohols is of high interest in the fine chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical industry. Palladium on activated carbon is the catalyst of choice for these deprotection reactions. Nitrogen containing modifiers are known to influence the selectivity for certain deprotection reactions. In this paper we show the rate accelerating effect of certain N-containing modifiers on the deprotection of carbobenzyloxy protected amino acids in the presence of palladium on activated carbon catalysts. The experiments show that certain modifiers like pyridine and ethylenediamine increase the reaction rate and therefore shorten the reaction times compared to non-modified palladium catalysts. Triethylamine does not have an influence on the rate of deprotection. 

Uses Removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas in emulsifiers, hair waving solutions, polishes softening agent for hides agricultural sprays pharmaceuticals, chemical intermediates corrosion inhibitor rubber accelerator nonionic detergents wool treatment. 

Slow release of agricultural, veterinary and pharmaceutical chemicals... 

The Act excludes pharmaceutical chemicals and their intermediates, agricultural and food chemicals. Thus, any chemical which does not fall under these categories is, by definition, an industrial chemical. Thus, ingredients in cosmetic products come under the scope of this Act since they are not excluded. 

D.A. Tomalia etal, US Patent 6,177,414 (January 23, 2001) Assignee The Dow Chemical Company Utility Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Intermediate... 

Properties Clear, colorless liquid ammonia-like odor. Bp 138C, fp -37C, d 0.8799 (20/4C). Hazard Toxic by ingestion, strong irritant to tissue. Use Intermediate for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and rubber chemicals. 

A unique list of restrictive regulatory actions taken by one hundred thirteen Governments on over eleven hundred pharmaceuticals and agricultural and industrial chemicals, as well as consumer products. 

Ammoxidation catalysis is an industrially important process that is used to manufacture high volume chemical intermediates for a wide range of pol3mier products as well as nitrile chemicals and chemical intermediates for agricultural and pharmaceutical use. Ammoxidation processes are used to produce the two most commercially important nitrile chemicals, acrylonitrile (C3H3N) and HCN. The former is used to make acrylic fibers, Nylon (DuPont), and performance polymers including ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). The latter is used in the manufacture of herbicides, plastic sheets, and Nylon. 

This catalysis technology can also be used in the production of other amino acids, such as glycine. It is also a general method for conversion of primary alcohols to carboxylic acid salts, and is potentially applicable to the preparation of many other agricultural, commodity, specialty, and pharmaceutical chemicals. 

CERES Chemical Evaluation and Risk Estimation System (CERES). US FDA/ CFSAN develops a knowledge base of nutritional supplements. Knowledge base includes a toxicity database of food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, agricultural and industrial chemicals, structural alerts and QSAR-based toxicity prediction http //www.accessdata.fda.gov/FDATrack/track-proj program=cfsan id=CFSAN-OFAS-Chemical-Evaluation-and-Risk-Esti-mation-System... 

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