Agitation equipment for

After the accident additional agitating equipment for mixing with compressed air was installed, as a stand-by for use in the event of a breakdown of the stirrer. 

Good accounts of process mixing and agitation equipment for liquid-solid systems are given by Sterbacek and Tausk (1965), Uhl and Gray (1986), Old-shue (1983, 1992) and Harnby, Edwards and Nienow (1992). 

Uses Dyeing aux., leveling agent for high agitation equip, for the disperse/direct dyeing of polyester/cotlon blends and for uniform dyeing of spun/filament polyester blends... 

FIG. 11-51 Heat-transfer equipment for solidification (with agitation) agitated-pan type. 

The thermal duty here is the opposite of solidification operations. The indirect heat-transfer equipment suitable for one operation is not suitable for the other because of the material-handling rather than the thermal aspects. Whether the temperature of transformation is a definite or a ranging one is of little importance in the selection of equipment for fusion. The burden is much agitated, but the beds are deep. 

FIG. 11-56 Heat-transfer equipment for fusion of solids, a) Horizontal-tank type. (Coutiesy of Sttxithers Wells Corp. ) (h) Agitated kettle. (Cowtesy of Read-Standard Division, Capital Products Co.) (c) Donble-dnim mill. (Coutiesy of FaiTel-Bitmingham Co.)... 

Dispersed-Solids Leacbing Equipment for leaching fine solids by dispersion and separation includes batch tanks agitated by rotating impellers or by air and a variety of continuous devices. 

Leaf Tests A bomb filter is used for small-scale leaf tests to simulate the performance of pressure-leaf (leaf-in-shell) filters. The equipment used is a small [50.8- by 50.8-mm (2- by 2-in)] leaf, covered with appropriate filter medium, suspended in a cell large enough to contain sufficient shiny to form the desired cake (Fig. 18-108). The shiny may be agitated gently, for example, by an air sparger. 

Implement procedure and/or back-up equipment for dealing with imminent danger relating to agitator failures... 

Reactors equipped with heavy agitators used for tetraethyl lead manufacture during World War II were disinterred from bomb rubble and were found by the people who dug them up to be ideal for processing fish paste for human consumption. The reactors were washed, but this did not prevent poisoning a number of people. 

Mixers and agitators designed for flammable liquids or dusts should be constructed to minimize fire and explosive possibilities. Electrical equipment should follow the requirements of Uie National Electrical Code. Equipment should be bonded and grounded to prevent Uie accumulation of staUc electricity. 

For scale-up procedure, refer to Figure 5-31, w hich outlines the steps involved in selecting commercial or industrial mechanical agitation equipment when based on test data. 

Typical equipment for low viscosity liquids consists of a vertical cylindrical tank, with a height to diameter ratio of l.5 to 2, fitted with an agitator. For low viscosity liquids, high-speed propellers of diameter about one-third that of the vessel are suitable, running at 10-25 Hz. Although work on single-phase mixing of low viscosity liquids is of limited... 

The cost of specialised equipment, which cannot be found in the literature, can usually be estimated from the cost of the components that make up the equipment. For example, a reactor design is usually unique for a particular process but the design can be broken down into standard components (vessels, heat-exchange surfaces, spargers, agitators) the cost of which can be found in the literature and used to build up an estimate of the reactor cost. 

Mixing vessels fitted with some form of agitator are the most commonly used type of equipment for blending liquids and preparing solutions. 

Due to the nature of the test method, quality by design is an important qualification aspect for in vitro disolution test equipment. The suitability of the apparatus for the dissolu-tion/drug-release testing depends on both the physical and chemical calibrations which qualifies the equipment for further analysis. Besides the geometrical and dimensional accuracy and precision, as described in USP 27 and Ph.Eur., any irregularities such as vibration or undesired agitation by mechanical imperfection are to be avoided. Temperature of the test medium, rotation speed/flow rate, volume, sampling probes, and procedures need to be monitored periodically. 

The fluid bed has generally established itself as the preferred equipment for the crystallization and for the cooling section of the SSP plant. High heat-transfer coefficients enable the pellets to be heated and cooled very quickly, pellet agitation can be achieved without dust generation, and the direct contact between gas and solid enables a de-dusting effect. 

Fig, 2. Equipment for carrying out reactions involving gaseous and liquid reactants, (a) A packed column, (b) A spray column, (c) A bubble column, (d) An agitated tank. 

Uhl VW, Von Essen JA. Scale-up of equipment for agitating liquids. In Uhl VW, Gray JB, eds. Mixing Theory and Practice, Vol. III. New York Academic Press, 1986 200. 

The bottles were then placed in a constant temperature bath equipped with an agitation device for 24 hrs. or more. 

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