Capital productivity

FIG. 11-56 Heat-transfer equipment for fusion of solids, a) Horizontal-tank type. (Coutiesy of Sttxithers Wells Corp. ) (h) Agitated kettle. (Cowtesy of Read-Standard Division, Capital Products Co.) (c) Donble-dnim mill. (Coutiesy of FaiTel-Bitmingham Co.)... 

FEL improves the capital productivity of projects by using best-available technology. 

Actually, a slightly more sophisticated approach has been taken. For the years 1970 to 1985, the economic forecast is based in some detail on the relations between economic growth and growth in population, human productivity, and capital productivity, and projections of these determinants. Beyond 1985, however, the 1985 "rear gross domestic product has been simply extrapolated at a constant compound growth rate of 4.7%. The result, shown in Figure 4, indicates that in the year 2000 Canada s gross domestic product could be about 215 billion relative to today s 55 billion. (These numbers are in constant or uninflated dollars, related for statistical convenience to the year 1961.)... 

In the late 1990s, when investors noticed the combination of declining growth and declining capital productivity, many lost faith in the segment. While fears of repercussions from the Asian crisis proved unfounded, other structural factors such as Asian competition and the commoditization of many former specialty products took effect in their stead. 

On the business unit level, regardless of the type of business, chemical companies should focus on capital productivity as the key value driver of ROIC besides margins. 

The specialty chemicals business needs to face facts the drop in profitability that characterized the 1990s has not abated in the new millennium. Competition has intensified, capital productivity has fallen, and the specialties niches are shrinking with ongoing commoditization. This does not have to be the end of the road, but specialty companies have to take a long hard look at themselves and decide whether they are prepared to fight back, and how they can best equip themselves to do so. 

Since gas players have invested cautiously despite continuous growth, they have managed to increase their capital productivity and prevent value leakage during the last five years. Compared with specialty chemicals companies, industrial gases players have shown a relatively stable market-to-book ratio over the last ten years. Current valuation levels are driven by a relatively stable operating performance and substantial growth expectations. 

Another major challenge lies in carefully managing capital productivity, and especially rightsizing investments. The industry as a whole must maintain its discipline and avoid establishing overcapacities that would in the long run hurt all players involved. 

So economic forces within the chemical industry are compelling improved capital productivity. Requirements for on-aim product quality control grow increasingly tighter. More energy integration occurs. Im-... 

Mane argues that the capitalists were victims of simitar illusions. As noted in 2.3.2, money fetishism derives from an erroneous belief that the choice which is open to any individual capitalist - between investing his capital productively and using it as interest-bearing capital - is also open to a// of them taken simultaneously ... 

The ideal performance measure pushes every firm in the supply chain and all employees in each firm to direct all of their efforts to increasing the amount of money made by everyone in the supply chain. The ultimate measure for each firm in the supply chain is their return on investment (ROI) or capital productivity. But, over what horizon should this be evaluated For one quarter at a time or over a decade The problem is that there is no perfect performance measure which will always push firms and their employees in both the short and long term to make the best decision for the long-term benefit of the supply chain. The choice of performance measures in both the firm and the supply chain must be monitored. 

Impact on prosperity is analyzed on the basis of impacts on labor productivity, impacts on capital productivity, and impacts on resource productivity. These impacts are assessed at an economic-wide scale, with a functional unit of 9.46E + 07 MWh. 

The American chemical industry has grown dramatically since the late nineteenth century in absolute and relative terms. The chemical industry has become an increasingly important sector of the economy when compared to either the chemical process industries or manufacturing as a whole. This relative growth - especially during the interwar years - is evident when one considers such factors as output, capital productivity, total capital investment, and national income originating in the industry. 

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