Aggregate kilns

On April 19, 1996, U.S. EPA published a proposed rule, called the MACT rule, under the joint authority of the RCRA and the CAA, to upgrade the emission standards for HWCs. Specifically, this rule will affect incinerators, cement kilns, and lightweight aggregate kilns. It proposes emission standards for dioxins, furans, mercury, cadmium, lead, PM, hydrochloric acid, chlorine,... 

The combustors affected by this rule detoxify or recover energy from hazardous waste and include incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, boilers and process heaters, and hydrochloric acid production furnaces. U.S. EPA estimates that 145 facilities operate 265 devices that burn hazardous waste. These technology-based standards reduce emissions of hazardous pollutants, including lead, mercury, arsenic, dioxin and furans, and HC1 and chlorine gas. In addition, emissions of PM are also reduced. 

Incinerators Cement Kilns Aggregate Kilns Boilers3 Liquid Fuel-Fired Boilers Production Furnaces... 

The tests were conducted with the knowledge of the importance of post-combustion, low-temperature reactions, and represented an advance on the 1987 GCP study. The results of the trials on cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, hazardous waste incinerators, liquid injection incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, fixed hearth incinerators and hazardous waste boilers were summarized as follows 6... 

All hazardous waste combustors (HWCs), including hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs), cement kilns (CKs), and lightweight aggregate kilns (FWAKs), are subject to the MACT standards regardless of size or major source status. HWCs are required to be in compliance with the standards by September 30, 2003, and are required to demonstrate compliance by March 30,2004, through a Comprehensive Performance Test (CPT). The rule allows for a 1-year extension of the compliance date for facilities that need to install pollution control equipment to meet standards. 

However, they work well when the feed particles are large. The reason for the relatively shorter length is that the feed is dry with a moisture content the same as granular solids rather than slurry. Applications include lime kilns and lightweight aggregate kilns where the mined stones are crushed to about 1.3-5 cm (0.5-1.5 in.) before feeding them into the kiln. 

Cement Kiln Lime Kiln Aggregate Kiln... 

The graph in Figure 8.18 can be employed as a control procedure for quality assurance. For example, if it is desirable for the lightweight aggregate kiln operator to change the kiln feed rate and maintain the... 

Some of the processes discussed include lime making, cement making, carbothermic reduction kilns, and lightweight aggregate kilns. 

Many additional process industries consume opportunity fuels in the production of product. Cement kilns commonly fire TDF and light liquid hazardous wastes in the production of clinker. Expanded aggregate kilns and other ore roasting kilns utilize the same hazardous wastes in their operations. These companies use opportunity fuels strictly as a means to reduce production costs in highly competitive environments. 

Kish collection Lightweight aggregate kilns Materials handling Pelletizing plants... 

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