Affinity capacity

The objective of such studies is to measure the affinity, capacity and specificity of the hormone-receptor interaction [3, 7], Measurements of affinity and capacity are... 

Rampey AM, Umpleby RJ, Rushton GT, Iseman JC, Shah RN, Shimizu KD. Characterization of the imprint effect and the influence of imprinting conditions on affinity, capacity, and heterogeneity in molecularly imprinted polymers using the Freundlich isotherm-affinity distribution analysis. Anal Chem 2004 76 1123-1133. 

A set of regression equations were derived with a partial least squares (PLS) statistical analysis that allowed the authors to establish structural features most relevant to analyte affinity (capacity factors, k ) as well as for enantioselectivity (separation factors, a). The best models are summarized in Table 1 below. 

Isotype andBinding Affinity/Capacity of ATI. The isotypes of secreted antibodies were determined through the use of a mouse monoclonal antibody isotyping kit (Cell Sciences, Norwood, MA). An anti-TPT IgGl antibody (ATI), secreted by hybridoma 8C2, was selected for further characterization. The 8C2 supernatant (with a constant ATI con-centration) was incubated with increasing concentrations of TPT (100,125,150,175,200,225, and 250ng/mL) for 2h to allow binding between TPT and ATI. Free TPT was then separated from antibody-bound TPT by ultrafiltration and assayed via HPLC. 

Table II. Affinity, Capacity and Layer Thickness Maxima, occurring at the given pH values...

Protein isolated Cryogel affinity Capacity Comment References... 

Desiccants. A soHd desiccant is simply an adsorbent which has a high affinity and capacity for adsorption of moisture so that it can be used for selective adsorption of moisture from a gas (or Hquid) stream. The main requkements for an efficient desiccant are therefore a highly polar surface and a high specific area (small pores). The most widely used desiccants (qv) are siHca gel, activated alumina, and the aluminum rich zeoHtes (4A or 13X). The equiHbrium adsorption isotherms for moisture on these materials have characteristically different shapes (Fig. 3), making them suitable for different appHcations. 

The working capacity of a sorbent depends on fluid concentrations and temperatures. Graphical depiction of soration equilibrium for single component adsorption or binary ion exchange (monovariance) is usually in the form of isotherms [n = /i,(cd or at constant T] or isosteres = pi(T) at constant /ij. Representative forms are shown in Fig. I6-I. An important dimensionless group dependent on adsorption equihbrium is the partition ratio (see Eq. 16-125), which is a measure of the relative affinities of the sorbea and fluid phases for solute. 

Adsorption for gas purification comes under the category of dynamic adsorption. Where a high separation efficiency is required, the adsorption would be stopped when the breakthrough point is reached. The relationship between adsorbate concentration in the gas stream and the solid may be determined experimentally and plotted in the form of isotherms. These are usually determined under static equilibrium conditions but dynamic adsorption conditions operating in gas purification bear little relationship to these results. Isotherms indicate the affinity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate but do not relate the contact time or the amount of adsorbent required to reduce the adsorbate from one concentration to another. Factors which influence the service time of an adsorbent bed include the grain size of the adsorbent depth of adsorbent bed gas velocity temperature of gas and adsorbent pressure of the gas stream concentration of the adsorbates concentration of other gas constituents which may be adsorbed at the same time moisture content of the gas and adsorbent concentration of substances which may polymerize or react with the adsorbent adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent for the adsorbate over the concentration range applicable over the filter or carbon bed efficiency of adsorbate removal required. 

The affinity laws express the relationship between the head, capacity, speed, and size of centrifugal blowers and compressors. In general these relations can be applied to inlet volume conditions for good preliminary designs, but all final designs apply these laws to the actual discharge volumes from the impeller. ... 

The affinity laws will define all the calculations of performance for the different conditions. Thus, every point on the 100% speed capacity-head curve can be adjusted to the 105% or the 95% speed curves by these laws. 

At any constant or steady speed of operation of a compressor, the head-capacity and efficiency curves are characteristic of the impeller and casing design only. These curves that are determined by test can be translated to other reasonable speeds and conditions of operation of the wheel-casing combination of the affinity laws. The operation of the compressor must meet or establish the desired point on the head-capacity-system curve, which requires a combination of controls. 

If the adsorption process is not saturable within the concentration range of the experiment, it becomes a sink claiming a portion of the drug added to the medium—the magnitude of which is dependent on the maximal capacity of the sink ([ 2]) and the affinity of the ligand for the site... 

Another possible allosteric effect is to render the receptor insensitive to agonist stimulation (i.e., remove the capacity for agonist response). This may or may not be accompanied by a change in the affinity of the receptor for the agonist. This can be simulated by setting , = 0 in Equation 7.3 to yield... 

The neutral fluorine atom has seven valence electrons that is, seven electrons occupy the highest partially filled cluster of energy levels. This cluster of energy levels thus contains one fewer electron than its capacity permits. The electron affinity of fluorine shows that the addition of this last electron is energetically favored. This is in accord with much other experience which shows that there is a special stability to the inert gas electron population. 

Macromolecules bearing reactive groups in the repeat units along their chains are capable of multiple interaction with the matrix. As early as 1973, Wilchek prepared Sepharose-based supports chemically modified by chemisorbed polylysine and polyvinylamine [41]. The leakage of dyes covalently bonded to these supports was reduced remarkably as compared to non-modified Sepharose activated by cyanogen bromide. Thus, stable and high capacity affinity adsorbents could be prepared by the introduction of macromolecular spacers between a matrix and a biospecific ligand. 

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