Aerosol salbutamol

Salbutamol is a selective (32 agonist that may be administered by inhalation from either a pressurised aerosol delivering 100 pg per puff (standard dose 1-2 puffs) or a powder inhaler (metered dose 500 pg). The duration of action is 4-6 hours. In patients unable to use a pressurised aerosol, salbutamol-containing solution may be nebulised in a stream of oxygen using a specially designed face mask. Similarly, salbutamol-containing solution can be nebulised and introduced into the inspiratory limb of a mechanical ventilation system. 

Larhrib H, Martin GP, Prime D, Marriott C. Characterization and deposition studies of engineered lactose crystals with potential for use as a carrier for aerosolized salbutamol sulfate from dry powder inhalers. Eur J Pharma Sci 2003 19(4) 211-221. 

Tee SK, Marriott C, Zeng XM, Martin GP. The use of different sugars as fine and coarse carriers for aerosolized salbutamol sulphate. Int J Pharm 2000, 208, 111-123. 

Salbutamol Aerosol delivery by microprocessor control (SmartMist ) 29... 

The first attempt to radiolabel drug particles (instead of polymers like polystyrene or Teflon particles) for pharmaceutical aerosols was carried out on fenoterol and salbutamol by Kohler et al. [12] Scheme 3). However, it was later found that their method would change the particle size distribution of the labelled aerosol, resulting in a coarser aerosol than the imlabelled product. After subsequent improvement by Summers et al. [18] Scheme 4), this method has become widely used for radiolabelling MDIs. It is preferred over other methods as it does not involve extraction with tetraphenylarsonium chloride and chloroform. 

First treatment of choice for the acute attack are short-acting, aerosolized Ik-sympathomimetics, e.g., salbutamol, albuterol, terbutaline, fenoterol, and others. Their action occurs within minutes and lasts for 4 to 6 h. 

From British National Formulary 40, September 2000. Liquid, tablet and powder preparations contain salbutamol as the sulphate salt aerosols contain the free base. 

CEC-based metered-dose therapeutic aerosols are in the process of being reformulated with HEA-134a. HEA-formulations of salbutamol (= albuterol) and fluticasone propionate have been shown to be as effective and well tolerated as CEC products at equivalent doses. 

The bronchial mucosa and lungs are treated with inhalations, aerosols (in the form of fine powder with the help of nebulizer) e.g. salbutamol (ASTHALIN) inhaler. 

Aerosols are suspension of fine, solid or liquid particles in a medium like air or oxygen and administered with the help of nebulizers. They are used to apply drugs to the respiratory tract in asthmatic patients e.g. Asthalin (salbutamol) inhaler, Fintal (sodium cromoglycate) inhaler. 

The P2 selective adrenergic agonists are most widely used drugs for the treatment of asthma. They are effective after oral and inhaled administration and have a longer duration of action. Albuterol (salbutamol), salmeterol, bitolterol, pir-buterol are available as aerosol pack in metered dose. 

Terbutaline is a similar drug that is occasionally used as an alternative to salbutamol in patients who have experienced marked sympathomimetic side effects. Other selective 32-adrenceptor agonists include fenoterol, reproterol, and rimiterol, all of which are available as aerosols. 

This steroid is widely used and is administered by pressurised aerosol (200 pg per puff) given up to three to four times a day as prophylaxis. It is often prescribed in combination with a selective 32-adrenoceptor agonist, such as salbutamol. There are few steroid-related side effects when the inhaled route is employed at recommended dosages. 

Cheng YS, Fu CS, Yazzie D, Zhou Y. Respiratory deposition patterns of salbutamol pMDI with CFC and HFA-134a formulations in a human airway replica. J Aerosol Med 2001 14(2)255-266. 

Zeng XM, Martin GP, Marriott C, Pritchard J. The effects of carrier size and morphology on the dispersion of salbutamol sulphate after aerosolization at different flow rates. J Pharm Phannacol 2000 52(10) 1211-1221. 

Pulmonary deposition efficiency depends on physicochemical characteristics, such as density of the aerosol or dry powder particles [33-35], Generally, particle diameters less than than 5 pm are required for efficient pulmonary delivery [36, 37], Pulmonary deposition also depends on the nature of the delivery device and differs between metered dose inhalers (MDIs). For example, pulmonary deposition expressed as the ratio of pulmonary versus total (pulmonary + oral) absorbed drug, ranged from 15-55% for a number of salbutamol devices and from 66-85% for drugs with lower oral bioavailabilities such as budesonide. 

B. J. Lipworth, and D. J. Clark, Lung delivery of salbutamol given by breath activated pressurized aerosol and dry powder inhaler devices, Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 70 211 (1997). 

Tukiainen, H., and Terho, E. O. (1985), Comparison of inhaled salbutamol powder and aerosol in asthmatic patients with low peak expiratory flow level, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 27, 645-647. 

Recently, Ganderton, Morton, and Lucas. have found that the inclusion of low-density amino acid particles produced by spray drying can also enhance the amount of fine particles in the aerosol. Such low-density, flake-like particles have a bulk density of 0.1 g/mL with thickness of <100 pm and MM AD < 10 pm. Addition of low-density leucine particles as low as P/o enhances the fine particles of salbutamol in the aerosol by 25wt.%i. However, the addition of 10 /o leucine made no difference to the amount of fine particles in the aerosol compared with salbutamol alone. 

M.C.R. Production of spraydried salbutamol sylphate for use in dry powder aerosol formulation. Int. J. Pharm. 

Pinlay, W.H. Stapleton, W.K. Zuberbuhler, P. Variations in predicted regional lung deposition of salbutamol sulphate between 19 nebulizer types. J. Aerosol Med. 1998, 11 (2), 65-80. 

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