Aerobic water purification

For o-, p-, and m-cresol, as well as the mixed isomers, anaerobic degradation studies, analytical methods development, and transformation studies are all on-going (EPA 1989b). Additionally, for o-cresol, studies on water purification techniques are on-going, while for p- cresol, aerobic degradation and toxicity studies are on-going. 

Coalescence processes are not only important in industrial chemistry and in biotechnology, but are ever more important in aerobic waste water purification, since so-called fine bubble aeration became established over surface aeration. It is therefore hardly surprising, that there has recently been strong research activity in this field [32, 570], (Bubble coalescence is not involved in surface aeration [625].)... 

Biological waste water purification (aerobic) Onken [109], Deckwer [28]... 

Aerobic biological purification, in all cases after H2S stripping, then dilution in the general refinery effluents, or (seldom) in cooling water. This is the most economical and widespread way. 

It is an aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Dry spores are stable for decades. Spores are stable in water for up to 2 years and are resistant to chlorine at purification concentrations. It is endemic in many countries of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. This is a biosafety level 2 agent. 

A. bronchisepticus was cultivated aerobically at 30 °C for 72 h in an inorganic medium (vide supra) in 1 liter of water (pH 7.2) containing 1 % of polypeptone and 0.5 % of phenylmalonic acid. The enzyme was formed intracellularly and induced only in the presence of phenylmalonic acid. All the procedures for the purification of the enzyme were performed below 5 °C. Potassium phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 with 0.1 mM EDTA and 5 mM of 2-mercaptoethanol was used thoughout the experiments. The enzyme activity was assayed by formation of pheylacetic acid from phenylmalonic acid. The summary of the purification procedure is shown in Table 2. The specific activity of the enzyme increased by 300-fold to 377 U/mg protein with a 15% yield from cell-free extract [9]. One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme which catalyzes the formation of 1 mmol of phenylacetic acid from phenylmalonic acid per min. 

At NSF, a great deal of work is done on the development and implementation of NSF standards and criteria for health-related equipment. The majority of NSF standards relate to water treatment and purification equipment, products for swimming pool applications, plastic pipe for potable water as well as drain, waste, and vent (DWV) uses, plumbing components for mobil homes and recreational vehicles, laboratory furniture, hospital cabinets, polyethylene refuse bags and containers, aerobic waste treatment plants, and other products related to environmental quality. 

Cimningham JA-SG, Sedlak P, Caffrey J. Aerobic and anaerobic TiO -photocatalysed purifications of waters containing organic pollutants. Catal Today 1999 53 145-158. Penuela GAB, Damia. Photosensitized degradation of organic pollutants in water processes and analytical applications. Trends Anal Chem 1998 17 605-612. 

The course of mineralization of organic pollution by aerobic processes during self-purification is decisively influenced by molecular oxygen dissolved in water. The most important sources of oxygen in water are atmospheric oxygen and assimilation activity of phytoplankton and green plants. 

Isolation and purification. Carotenoids were extracted with CHCl /MeOH from the wet cells of aerobic or semi-aerobic ciilture, or from those of aerobic culture inhibited by DPA or nicotine. The polar carotenoid group was purified by silica gel column chromatography, SEP-PAK NH2 and reversed phase TLC. The others were purified with silica gel and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The purity was analyzed with the reversed phase HPLC system using water (20-0%, v/v) in methanol as eluent [3>4] ... 

The added oxygen required for aerobic purification to develop is provided by saturating the raw water in air at the inlet to the filter battery along with ... 

Example I Waste-Water Treatment - Aerobic Purification... 

Cunningham J., Al-Sayyed G., Sedlak R, Caffrey J. Aerobic and anaerobic TiOj-photocatalysed purifications of waters containing organic pollutants. Catal. Today 1999 53 145-158 Damrauer N.H., Cerullo G., Yeh A., Boussie T., Shank C.V., McCusker J.K. Femtosecond dynamics of excited-state evolution in Ru(bpy)j. Science 1997 275 54-57 Das T.K., Khan L, Rousseau D.L., Friedman J.M. Preservation of the native structure in myoglobin at low pH by sol-gel encapsulation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998 120 10268-10269 Desilvestro J., Pons S., Vrachnou E., Gratzel M. Electrochemical and FUR spectroscopic characterization of ferrocyanide-modified Ti02 electrodes designed for efficient photosensitization. J. Electroanal Chem. 1988 246 411-422... 

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