Adolescents substance abuse

Liddle, H.A., Dakof, G.A., Parker, K., Diamond, G.S., Barett, K. and Tejada, M. (2001) Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent substance abuse results of a randomised clinical trial. American Journal of Drugand Alcohol Abuse 27, 4, 651-688. 

Williams, R.J. and Chang, S.Y. (2000) A comprehensive and comparative review of adolescent substance abuse treatment outcomes. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice 7, 2, 138-166. 

Bukstein, O., Lilly, G., and Kaminer, Y. (1992) Patterns of affective comorbidity in a clinical population of dually diagnosed adolescent substance abusers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31 1041-1045. 

DeMilio, L. (1989) Psychiatric syndromes in adolescent substance abusers. Am ] Psychiatry 146 1212—1214. 

Hovens, J., Cantwell, D., and Kiriakos, R. (1994) Psychiatric comorbidity in hospitalized adolescent substance abusers. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33 476—483. 

Kaminer, Y. (1995) Issues in the pharmacological treatment of adolescent substance abuse. / Child Adolesc Psychopharm 5 93-106. 

Kaminer, Y. and Burleson, J. (1999) Psychotherapies for adolescent substance abusers 15-month follow-up of a pilot study. Am J Addict 8 114-119. 

Weinberg, N., Rahdert, E., Colliver, J., and Glantz, M. (1998) Adolescent substance abuse a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37 252-259. 

Brook JS, Brook DW Pahl K (2006). The developmental context for adolescence substance abuse intervention. In Liddle HA Rowe CL (eds.) Adolescent Substance Abuse Research and Clinical Advances. Cambridge University Press, pp. 25-51 Brooner RK, Greenfield L, Schmidt C Bigelow GE (1993). Antisocial personality disorder and HIV... 

Kaminer Y (2002). Adolescent substance abuse treatment evidence-based practice in outpatient services. Current Psychiatry Reports, 4, 397-401... 

Kaminer Y, Burleson JA Goldberger R (2002). Cognitive-behavioral coping skills and psychoeducation therapies for adolescent substance abuse. Journal of Nervous Mental Disease, 190, 737-45... 

Wagner, E. F., Waldron, H. B. (Eds.). (2001). Innovations in adolescent substance abuse interventions. New York Pergamon. 

For adolescents, substance abuse, overeating, or getting into fights are strong actions that cover-up underlying feelings of vulnerability... 

Early and persistent antisocial behavior—Male children who are a ressive in primary grades (K-3) are at greater risk for substance abuse. When aggressive behavior is combined with isolation, hyperactivity, or attention deficit disorder, the risk is even greater for adolescent substance abuse. This risk factor includes persistent problem behaviors in early adolescence, such as skipping school and fighting. 

Ricaurte GA, McCann UD, Szabo Z, et al Toxicodynamics and long-term toxicity of the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy ). Toxicol Lett 112-113 143-146, 2000 Robinson TN, Killen JD, Taylor CB, et al Perspectives on adolescent substance use a defined population study. JAMA 258 2072-2076, 1987 Rubinstein JS Abuse of antiparkinson drugs feigning of extrapyramidal symptoms to obtain trihexyphenidyl. JAMA 239 2365, 1978 Rumack BH (ed) LSD, in Poisindex, Vol 54. Denver, CO, Micromedex, 1987 Rusyniak DE, Banks ML, Mills EM, et al Dantrolene use in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( ecstasy )-medicated hyperthermia (letter). Anesthesiology 10 263, 2004... 

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with substance abuse disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37 122—126, 1998 American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000... 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Gamma hydroxy butyrate use—New York and Texas, 1995-96. JAMA 277 1511, 1997 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adverse events associated with ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone—Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999. MMRW Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48 137-140, 1999 Chatlos JC Recent trends and a developmental approach to substance abuse in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 5 1-27, 1996... 

Alcohol Health Res World 22 122-123, 1998 Solhkhah R, Finkel J, Hird S Possible risperidone-induced visual hallucinations. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39 1074-1073, 2000 Solhkhah R, Wilens TE, Prince JB, et al Bupropion sustained release for substance abuse, ADHD, and mood disorders in adolescents (NR31), in New Research Absrracts, Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Associarion. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Associarion, 2001... 

Although ADHD generally is considered a childhood disorder, symptoms can persist into adolescence and adulthood. The prevalence of adulthood ADHD is estimated to be 4%, with 60% of adults having manifested symptoms of ADHD from childhood.8,9 Further, problems associated with ADHD (e.g., social, marital, academic, career, anxiety, depression, smoking, and substance-abuse problems) increase with the transition of patients into adulthood. 

Although ADHD is considered a childhood disorder, signs and symptoms persist into adolescence and adulthood in approximately 40% to 80% and 60% of cases, repectively.1,9 Adult ADHD is difficult to assess, and diagnosis is always suspect in patients failing to display clear symptoms prior to 7 years of age.4 Adults with ADHD have higher rates of psychopathology, substance abuse, social dysfunction, and occupational underachievement. 

Growth suppression or delay is a major concern for parents of children taking stimulants. However, the evidence of this side effect is not dear. At present, growth delay appears to be transient and to resolve by midadolescence, but more data are needed to firmly resolve this issue.10 Another concern is the risk of substance abuse with stimulant use. A diagnosis of ADHD alone increases the risk of substance abuse in adolescents and adults. However, stimulant use has not been shown to further increase this risk but actually may decrease this risk, provided ADHD is treated adequately.15... 

Meyers, K., McLellan, A. T., Jaeger, J. L., Petdnati, H. M. (1995). The development of the Comprehensive Addiction Severity Index for Adolescents (CASI-A) An interview for assessing multiple problems of adolescents. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 12, 181-193. 

Overall, the highest rates of substance use occur during late adolescence and early adulthood. In those who will eventually have a substance use disorder, the pattern of use moves from experimentation to overt substance abuse fairly quickly. The more serious problems resulting from substance dependence typically lag behind by 5-10 years, though such behavior can start significantly sooner. 

A third part. Special Clinical Populations, is devoted to those children and adolescents with comorbid conditions who deserve particular clinical attention and expertise. Chapters address the needs of youths with substance abuse, mental retardation, or medical illness. Two last chapters focus on the youngest of the young those infants exposed in utero to psychotropic medications, and those preschoolers for whom recent epidemiological studies suggest medications are being prescribed with increasing (and at times alarming) frequency. 

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