Late adolescence

Cunliffe3 WJ, Gould DJ (1979) Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults. BMJ 1 1109-1110... 

Typically presents in late adolescence or early adulthood. Onset in older adults increases suspicion of relationship to medical disorders or substance use. Laboratory evaluation must be driven by history and physical examination. 

Now, what more I would say at present that lasers are still in a preliminary stage of development - perhaps what I would call late adolescence in a human. When a child grows up, by the time they get into adolescence we can sort of see their potentiality, we can see how smart they are, or what they might do, and how much energy they have. Similarly, today we can visualize how important the field of lasers is, and we can see how active it is, and what it s likely to do, but we can t predict everything that it is going to do in the future. And so I would say the field of lasers is in its adolescence. We can see pretty well that it s got lots of potential, but we can t predict its entire future, and we expect other scientists and engineers to still find many more applications. 

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic disabling mental disorder. Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Symptomatic onset occurs in late adolescence and early adulthood in males and somewhat later in females, who tend to be somewhat less severely affected. It is estimated to be the seventh most costly medical illness to society in terms of cost of care and loss of productivity, because less than 30% of affected individuals... 

Overall, the highest rates of substance use occur during late adolescence and early adulthood. In those who will eventually have a substance use disorder, the pattern of use moves from experimentation to overt substance abuse fairly quickly. The more serious problems resulting from substance dependence typically lag behind by 5-10 years, though such behavior can start significantly sooner. 

Lloyd, T. A., Rollings, N. J., and Chinchilli, V. M. (1997). The effect of enhanced bone gain achieved with calcium supplementation during ages 12 to 16 does not persist in late adolescence. In "Third International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis" (P. Burckhardt, B. Dawson-Hughes, and R. P. Heaney, eds.), Springer-Verlag, London. 

Papatheodorou, G. and Kutcher, S.P. (1993) Divalproex sodium treatment in late adolescent and young adult acute mania. Psy-chopharmacol Bull and 29 213-219. 

Panic disorder affects up to 2% of the population, but less than one-third receive treatment. Panic disorder typically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood but can present in childhood. Onset is rare after age 45. Panic disorder is more prevalent in women, who have perhaps twice the rate in men. Genetic studies demonstrate a 15 to 20% rate of panic disorder in relatives of patients with panic disorder, including a 40% concordance rate for panic disorder in monozygotic twins. 

Some literature exists on late adolescent youth travel and there are studies of break-out or party style episodes in youth tourism such as Spring Break in the United States and schoolies week in Australia (Josiam et al., 1998). These hedonistic and indulgent encounters sometimes raise important management challenges for the communities visited, including protec-... 

Schizophrenia is one of most serious, debilitating mental illness as its strikes at some of the most advanced functions of the human brain. It affects about 1% of the population, regardless of economical and cultural differences. Psychotic symptoms usually begin in late adolescence or early adulthood. Because of its chronic nature, severity and early onset, schizophrenia is an expensive illness, especially in industrialized nations where the symptoms are incompatible with the highly structured nature of the workplace and where social expectations are high. 

Perhaps only few other disorders are as cruel as schizophrenia. Recent discoveries suggest that certain deficits, of a soft nature and usually not regarded as ominous by parents and close relations, are present during the developmental years of an individual marked to manifest schizophrenia later in life. But the illness takes its real bite just when the patient reaches late adolescence or early adulthood, as he or she prepares to enter the central stage of life, the years of productivity, independence, family building, and personal creativity. It destroys all dreams, and it truncates the development of new ones for the rest of the patient s existence. 

Major depression, bipolar syndromes and schizophrenia are common and often severe mental illnesses. All three of these tend to have an onset in late adolescence or young adulthood. Major depression is characterized by persistent low mood and decreased interest and pleasure, as well as physical and psychological symptoms, including sleep disturbance. 

While there is no known single cause of manic depression, there appears to be some genetic predisposition, although no specific genetic defect has yet been detected. It usually appears in late adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. Potential causes, such as increased stress or a traumatic emotional event, are many and varied experts believe a combination of factors may act as a trigger. 

OCD on its own often starts in late adolescence and has a chronic and pervasive course unless treated. OCD starting later on in life is often associated with affective or anxiety disorders. Symptoms often abate briefly if the individual is taken to a new environment. 

Cheryl R. is a 28-year-old married woman with two children under three years of age. She has been referred by her family doctor, who has been treating her depression for nine months with fluoxetine 20 mg daily. Her physician states that medication adjustment is not indicated and thinks "talking therapy" will be beneficial. Her psychiatric history is negative for hospitalizations, and she has never been in therapy. She describes a "lifetime of sadness" with periodic episodes of suicidal ideation during late adolescence. 

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