Adolescents, poisoning

Schroeder HG Acute and delayed chloroform poisoning. Br J Anaeseth 37 972—975,1965 Schwartz AM The cause, relief and prevention of headaches arising from contact with dynamite. N Engl J Med 235 541-544, 1946 Schwartz RH, Peary P Abuse of isobutyl nitrite inhalation (rush) by adolescents. Clin Pediatr 25 308-310, 1986... 

A study of 55 adolescents who had been treated for lead intoxication in early childhood (11-17 years earlier) revealed no evidence of chronic nephropathy, as evidenced by endogenous creatinine clearance, BUN, serum uric acid, and routine urinalysis (Chisolm et al. 1976). PbB levels during the acute poisoning episode ranged from 100 to 650 pg/dL all patients received immediate chelation therapy. At the time of the study, their PbB levels had decreased to less than 40 pg/dL. 

Over 1 million cases of acute poisoning occur in the USA each year, although only a small number are fatal. Most deaths are due to intentional suicidal overdose by an adolescent or adult. Childhood deaths due to accidental ingestion of a drug or toxic household product have been markedly reduced in the last 30 years as a result of safety packaging and effective poisoning prevention education. 

In a three-year study of inhalant abuse data from poison centers in 45 states, researchers found that inhalant abuse can begin early in childhood—in some reported cases, before the age of six—and peaks in early adolescence. The study, published in the August 2000 issue of the Journal of Toxicology, found that children under age 18 made up 47% of all inhalant abuse patients ... 

Intentional poisoning in adolescents (11-17 years of age) is one of the 10 leading causes of death and loss of productive years of life in the United States. Alcohol use and abuse obviously play a large role in fatal injuries in this age group. However,... 

James LP, Abel K, Wilkinson J, Simpson PM, Nichols MH. Phenothiazine, butyrophenone, and other psychotropic medication poisonings in children and adolescents. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000 38(6) 615-23. 

The effects of exposure to clonidine hydrochloride in children, as reported to US poison centers from 1993 to 1999, have been retrospectively reviewed (41). There were 10 060 reported exposures, of which 57% were in children under 6 years, 34% in children aged 6-12 years, and 9% in adolescents aged 13-18 years. 

White SR, Yadao CM. Characterization of methylphenidate exposures reported to a regional poison control center. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000 154(12) 1199-203. 

CDC (1995) Jimsonweed poisoning - Texas and California, 1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 44 41-44. Francis PD and Clarke CF (1999) Angel trumpet lily poisoning in five adolescents Clinical findings and... 

Fagala GE, Wigg CL. 1992. Psychiatric manifestations of mercury poisoning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31(2) 3 06-311. 

Yeates KO, Mortensen ME. 1994. Acute and chronic neurospychological consequences of mercury vapor poisoning in two early adolescents. J Clin Exper Neuropsychology 16(2) 209-222. 

Francis, P.O. and Clarke, C.F. (1999) Angel trumpet lily poisoning in five adolescents clinical findings and management. J. Paediatr. Child Health, 35, 93-95. 

Isbister G, Whyte I, Dawson A Pediatric acetaminophen poisoning. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med... 

I. High-risk popuiations. Two age groups are commonly involved in pediatric poisonings children between 1 and 5 years old and adolescents. 

Boutis K, Shannon M Nephrotoxicity after acute severe acetaminophen poisoning in adolescents. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001 39(5) 441-445. [PMID 11545233] (Nephrotoxicity occurred in about 9% of adolescents with severe acetaminophen poisoning.)... 

Kovalchuk, Y., E. Hanse, K.W. Kafitz and A. Konnerth. (2002) Postsynaptic induction of BDNF-mediated long-term potentiation. Science 295 1729-1734 Landrigan, P.J. and A.C. Todd. (1995) Lead poisoning. West. J. Med. 161 153-159 Lanphear, B.P., K. Dietrich, P. Auinger and C. Cox. (2000) Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead levels < 10 pg/dl in US children and adolescents. Public Health Rep. 115 521-529... 

Drug overdose In a study of 9809 consecutive adults and adolescents with self-poisoning during a 6-month period, there were 474 with non-benzodiazepine antiepileptic drug intoxication [103. The most frequent motivation was intentional intoxication (95.3%). There was no association between antiepileptic drug intoxication and a history of parasuidde, sex, age, or occupation. The most frequent drug involved was carbamazepine ( = 117), followed by phenobarbital ( =77) and sodium valproate ( = 51). 

T. H. Wiebe, E. S. Sigurdson and L. Y. Katz, Angel s Trumpet Datura stramonium) poisoning and delirium in adolescents in Winnipeg, Manitoba Summer 2006, Paediatr. Child. Health, 2006, 13, 193-196. 

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