Adhesive inorganic based

Adhesives Organic and inorganic bases Coolants Cleaners colorants (pigments and dyes) Fragrances Inks Paints Plasticisers (e.g., in plastics) Polymers (rubbers and plastics) Sealants Solvents Stabilisers Synthetic fibres Varnishes Biocides Detergents Fertilisers Fuels Foodstuff additives and flavourings to foodstuffs Medicinal products (for humans and animals) Plant protection products Radioactive substances... 

Only in this century has the art of using adhesives been based on the properties and applications of liquid adhesives other than old glue formulations from fish and animal products or cements made from inorganic slurries or solutions. The subject of adhesives assumed a new stature with the advent of synthetic polymers having readily controlled and understood properties. However,there are many unanswered questions about the principles underlying the subject and accepted methods of application. 

Certain general categories are also listed, such as alloys, aromatic polymer, conductive, delayed-tack, elastomeric adhesives, anaerobic, film and tape adhesives, hot-melt adhesives, inorganic glues, microencapsulated adhesives, rubber-based adhesives, solvent-based systems, thermoplastic resin adhesives, thermosetting-resin adhesives, and water-based adhesives. 

These materials are widely used because they are durable, fire-resistant, and inexpensive when compared with organic materials. Inorganic adhesives are based on compounds such as sodium silicate, magnesium oxychloride, lead oxide (litharge), sulfur, and various metallic phosphates. The characteristics of some of the more important commercial materials are summarized. 

Formaldehyde resins Starch and dextrin adhesives Styrene-butadiene latex binders Natural rubber latex Flot melts Solvent-based adhesives Pressure-sensitive adhesives Inorganic adhesives. 

Etch primers are widely used. They are mostly based on polyvinyl butyral and contain chromates and phosphoric acid. They are said to act both as primers and as etching solutions because it is believed that the chromates and phosphoric acid form an inorganic him, which provides adhesion, while oxidised polyvinyl butyral provides an organic him. For direct application to new galvanised steel, the best known primers are based on calcium orthoplumbate pigment and metallic lead, but these are now less used for environmental reasons. Zinc-dust paints and zinc-phosphate pigmented paints are also used, but the trend is to use pretreatments to assure good adhesion. 

Commonly, roughness can be tailored by using additives. These are mainly based on combinations of inert, inorganic particles of different sizes and the weight ratio of large to small particle sizes. These particles should be well dispersed in the base film to prevent abrasion, which is influenced by the particle shape and the kind of embedding in the polymer matrix. The affinity of these particles to the solid polymer seems to be based on adhesion of the melt to the solids and to cohesive forces in the solid state. This phenomenon, however, has not yet been explored in sufficient detail. 

Fowkes, F. M., Quantitative characterization of the acid-base properties of solvents, polymers, and inorganic surfaces . In Acid-Base Interactions - Relevance to Adhesion Science and Technology, K. L. Mittal and H. R. Anderson, Eds., VSP, Utrecht, 1991, pp. 93-115. 

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