Additives borax

For hypophosphites Place 5 ml of a 1 per cent solution in a flask with a ground-glass stopper, add 25 ml of 0 1 N iodine and 5 ml of 1 in 10 hydrochloric acid. Warm to 70° to 80° for fifteen minutes, cool and shake to dissolve iodine vapour. Add 20 ml of warm 10 per cent borax solution (additional borax does not affect the results), stand for fifteen minutes, acidify with glacial acetic acid and titrate with 0 1 N thiosulphate. 1 ml 6 1 N - 0 00165 g H3PO2. 

Disodium Tetraborate, In the Urhted States, anhydrous borax finds most apphcation in the glass industry for enamels, borosihcate glass, and fiber glass insulation. It is also used as an antifreeze additive and as an algicide in industrial water. 

There are relatively few producers of boric acid esters ia the United States. Eight domestic producers of these compounds (28) are Anderson Development Co., Akzo America, Inc., E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc., Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., The Gas Elux Co., Morton International, Callery Chemical Co., and U.S. Borax Chemical Corp. In addition, Rhone-Poulenc Chemicals, Manchester, UK, produces commercial quantities of selected boric acid esters. 

Also sodium tetraborate (borax) and carborymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose are used as retarding additives. 

Soldered brass seldom gives trouble. In radiators, antifreeze solutions have been alleged to cause corrosion, possibly because materials such as ethylene glycol sometimes detach protective deposits. Sodium nitrite, valuable as a corrosion inhibitor for other metals in a radiator, tends to attack solders, but sodium benzoate is safe and, in addition, protects the soldered joint against the action of nitrites. In an investigation of other inhibitors in ethylene glycol solutions, 1% borax, either alone or in combination with 0-1% mercaptobenzothiazole, appeared to be satisfactory. 

Marine diesels Again a wide number of formulations are in use. The inhibitors commonly employed include nitrites, borates and phosphates. Typical formulations include a 1 1 nitrite borax mixture at 1250-2000 p.p.m. and pH 8-5-9-0 and 1250-2 000 p.p.m. of nitrite with addition of tri-sodium phosphate to give phenolphthalein alkalinity. 

Fusions with (a) sodium carbonate or fusion mixture, (b) borax and lithium metaborate, (c) alkali bifluorides, and (d) alkali hydrogensulphates (slight attack in the last case above 700 °C, which is diminished by the addition of ammonium sulphate). 

This approach does not preclude gels having special, additional properties of their own due to peculiarities of their molecules. Such an example was in the thixotrophy of borax gels caused by the dynamic equilibrium of the bonds. Even gels that are formed by two apparently different mechanisms have the same fundamental gelling characteristics. For a timely and exhaustive review on gelling systems the reader should refer to the recent work of Whistler and BeMiller (if). 

Highly viscous petroleum oil containing 30% to 80% water can be transported through pipes more efficiently when a 1 1 mixture of washing liquid and antifreeze (i.e., ethylene glycol with borax) is added to the oil in amounts of 0.002% to 0.2% by weight. In addition to increased efficiency of transport, reduced corrosion of pipes can be achieved [893]. 

The addition of a relatively small amount of such substances as soda, potash, or borax, all known as fluxes or fluxing materials, lowers the melting temperature of silica sand from over 1700°C to below 1000°C, a temperature feasible in ancient furnaces (see Textbox 28). 

A review of uses of galactomannan thickening agents, of which some 23 000 tons were used worldwide in 1986, is available [354]. The use of borate ions to crosslink locust bean or guar mannose chains has been mentioned already. It has been shown that addition of borax... 

This is not as basic as the actual pH of the lake. Addition of Borax (sodium salt of boric acid) would aid in increasing the pH of the solution (since borax is the salt of a weak acid, it is a base). The lake may be more basic due to the presence of other basic anions, namely carbonate ion (C032-). 

Refined borax (Na B Op is an additive in laundry products such as soaps and water-softening compounds. Also used for cosmetics, body powders, and the manufacture of paper and leather. Borax is an environmentally safe natural herbicide and insecticide. 

The optical activity of the hexitols is of a low order. It may be enhanced by the addition of various complex-forming salts, borax and ammonium molybdate being the ones most used. Since the amount of enhancement is a function of the relative proportions of polyol and booster, it is regrettable that definite amounts of borax or molybdate have not always been reported in the past. 

The most important application of boron is to make fibers or whiskers of single crystal or ceramic crystal. The addition of boron to metals, alloys, or other solids, imparts resistance to plastic flow, and thereby produces unusual strength in the material. Amorphous boron is used in rockets as an igniter, and in pyrotechnic flares to give green color. Many boron compounds, such as borax, boron hydrides, and boron hahdes, have important commercial applications (see individual compounds). 

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