Additive migration fluid effect

Identification and eventual determination of polymer additives is an important issue in many fields, mainly in the area of packaging materials where additive migration from food contact materials may have potential toxic effects in humans.In biomedical applications, plasticizers present in the polymer [e.g., Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in PVC] will readily leach into the liquids passing through it, particularly for lipid-containing fluids, e.g., blood. There is a great concern about the toxicity of DEHP, especially for risk groups such as... 

Further studies of the effect of in vitro hydrolysis by digestive fluid simulents on the hydrolysis of polymer additives migrating into food were conducted by Fiamdani and co-workers [1]. These workers assessed the safety of polymeric plasticisers capable of migrating into food by an in vitro study of the hydrolysis of poly( 1,2-propylene adipate) by such fluids. 

In extreme situations, incompatibility between injection fluids and reservoir components can be so great that deep-well disposal will not be the most cost-effective approach to waste disposal. In other situations, such remedial measures as pretreatment or controlling fluid concentrations or temperatures can permit injection even when incompatibilities exist. In addition to operational problems, waste-reservoir incompatibility can cause wastes to migrate out of the injection zone (casing/confining-layer failure) and even cause surface-water contamination (well blowout). 

Fines Migration in Multiphase Flow. Most of the preceding discussion was concerned with flow of brine at 100% brine saturation. From a petroleum engineering perspective this brine staturation represents a condition that is rarely encountered in the field. A more relevant situation would be flow of brine at residual oil saturation and commingled flow of oil and brine. When fines migration occurs in the presence of two immiscible fluids, additional factors such as the wettability of the medium and that of the fines and the relative permeability characteristics become important. Therefore, it is important to consider the effect of the presence of a second immiscible fluid on fines migration and permeability damage. 

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