Addition ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Other Additives. To provide and maintain the clarity of clear shampoos, the use of either ethyl or isopropyl alcohol maybe employed. Perfumes are added to make shampoos more pleasing in terms of odor, while dyes are incorporated to give visual aesthetics to the products. Salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are found to sequester and prevent formation of insoluble alkaline-earth metal salts. 

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, [60-00-4]) chelates any trace metals that would otherwise decompose the hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1]. The amine is preheated to 55—65°C and the hydrogen peroxide is added over one hour with agitation the temperature is maintained between 60 —70°C. The reaction is exothermic and cooling must be appHed to maintain the temperature below 70°C. After all the peroxide has been added, the temperature of the reaction mixture is raised to 75°C and held there from three to four hours until the unreacted amine is less than 2.0%. The solution is cooled and the unreacted hydrogen peroxide can be destroyed by addition of a stoichiometric amount of sodium bisulfite. This may not be desirable if a low colored product is desired, ia which case residual amounts of hydrogen peroxide enhance long-term color stabiUty. 

Another attempted synthesis of Tc(III)-EDTA and Tc(III)-HEDTA complexes (EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid HEDTA A -(2-hydroxy-methyl)ethylenediamine-N,AT, iV -triacetic acid) was carried out using [Tc(tu)6]3+ as the starting complex [40]. Technetium-EDTA complexes have been synthesized by the direct reduction of pertechnetate with a suitable reduc-tant in the presence of excess EDTA [41-43]. On addition of EDTA to the Tc(tu) + solution, the intensity of the absorption spectrum decreased with time and the solution color changed from reddish orange to light brown. An electrophoretic analysis for the Tc(III)-EDTA complex showed that more than 70%... 

Various modifying agents such as methanol, as shown in Procedure 12.3, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, a chelate) can be added to liquid C02 to either make the extraction more effective or more specific. In either case, these additives must be removed before further analysis of extracted organics is carried out. 

As heavy metals were known to influence the degradation pathway, experiments were carried ont to determine if excess levels of metals could be the root cause of the degradation. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a known metal chelator and is often used in ampoule formulations. The addition of EDTA to samples of ampoule solutions prepared in the lab was shown to halt the degradation (Table 2). 

Blood Blood is taken from the vein without stasis. Additions of oxalate, fluoride, heparin, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are without effect. Add 3 ml blood to 6 ml ice-cold perchloric acid, mix thoroughly and centrifuge for 15 min at 1000 xg. To 3 ml of the supernatant add 1 ml of potassium carbonate solution. After 15 min in an ice-bath, filter off the precipitate. Use the resultant solution for assay at room temperature. The content of fructose in blood is stable for 24 h when stored at 4°C. 

Iion(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [15651 -72-6], Fe(EDTA) or N,.NM,2-ethanediylbis[IV-(carboxymethyl)glycinato]ferrate(2—), is a colorless, air-sensitive anion. It is a good reducing agent, having E° = —0.117 V, and has been used as a probe of outer sphere electron-transfer mechanisms. It can be prepared by addition of an equivalent amount of the disodium salt, Na2H2EDTA, to a solution of iron(II) in hydrochloric acid. Diammonium [56174-59-5] and disodium [14729-89-6] salts of Fe(EDTA) 2— are known. 

A. r>itr>o80-tert-oetane To a 1-L, three-necked flask equipped with an addition funnel, a mechanical stirrer, and a thermometer are added 120 ml of methanol, 51.7 g of tert-octylamine (0.4 mol) and 90 mL of water containing 1.2 g (0. 0028 mol) of the tetrasodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 2.52 g (0. 0076 mol) of sodium tungstate dihydrate. The solution is cooled to 15°C in an ice bath and hydrogen peroxide (361 mL of a 16% solution, 1.7 mol) (Notes 1 and 2) is added over 5 hr. The blue reaction mixture is stirred for an additional 16 hr and the product is extracted with petroleum ether (3 x 50 mL). Unreacted amine is removed by washing twice with 2 N hydrochloric acid. After the blue organic layer is washed with brine, it is dried over MgS04. Petroleum ether is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure. Continued distillation of the product affords 29.7 g of nitroso-tert-octane... 

Effects on respiration are similar to those of thiopental at usual anesthetic doses. However, propofol causes a marked decrease in systemic blood pressure during induction of anesthesia, primarily through decreased peripheral resistance. In addition, propofol has greater negative inotropic effects on the heart than etomidate and thiopental. Apnea and pain at the site of injection are common adverse effects of bolus administration. Muscle movements, hypotonus, and (rarely) tremors have also been reported following its use. Clinical infections due to bacterial contamination of the propofol emulsion have led to the addition of antimicrobial adjuvants (eg, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and metabisulfite). 

The base readily penetrates the hair and promotes bleaching. The addition of stabilizers such as sodium pyrophosphate or sodium oxalate [16,17] retards the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the alkaline preparation and thus enhances the bleaching action. The same holds for complexing agents (seques-trants) such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which hinder decomposition due to traces of heavy metals. Thickening additives include carboxymethyl celluloses, xanthine derivatives, and synthetic polymers. Certain dyes can also be added. 

Polymerization. Monomers. The cyclopropane type monomers are prepared either by addition of the dichlorocarbene or by the Simmons-Smith reaction on the corresponding olefins. Most of these compounds have been described. Spiropentane is prepared by the Applequist method (I, 2), by the reaction of zinc with C(CH2Br)4 in alcohol in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This hydrocarbon is purified until a single NMR signal is obtained at t = 9.28. 

EDTA Complexes. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its homologues form the most stable known complexes of plutonium. This discussion will be limited to EDTA, which is most likely to be found in the environment as a result of its use as a medium for the addition of soluble iron to soils. The equilibrium constant for formation of the 1 1 chelate of plutonium(III), as given by the expression... 

Buffers can also be provided in parenteral formulations to ensure the required pH needed for solubility and/or stability considerations. Other excipients included in parenteral products are preservatives (e.g., benzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoate esters, and phenol), antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, cysteine, and butyl hydroxy anisole), surfactants (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), and emulsifying agents (e.g., polysorbates). An inert gas (such as nitrogen) can also be used to enhance drug stability. Stability and solubility can also be enhanced by the addition of complexation and chelating agents such as the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts. For a more detailed list of approved excipients in parenteral products, the reader should consult the monographs within the USP. 

Prompt stabilization of ascorbic acid is especially important in the case of plasma or serum samples. Metaphosphoric acid is often used for this purpose because it also serves as a protein precipitant. Such properties are desirable in the inactivation of oxidase and the catalytic eflFect of copper. Oxalic acid is an attractive stabilizer for ascorbic acid analysis because of its lower cost and greater stability however, it is not a protein precipitant, therefore, it has a limited use for the extraction of animal tissues. The use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in addition to the metaphosphoric acid has been recommended (96). EDTA would chelate divalent cations, and a study has shown it will stabilize ascorbic acid in the presence of copper for several days (96). Perchloric acid has been used also but because of its inherent dangerous properties its use is generally avoided. Trichloroacetic acid and EDTA also seem appropriate extractants for ascorbate in plant materials (97). 

Advantages cited in more recent reports with the ascorbate treatment include reduced curing time (480,483,485,487,488) better, more stable, and more uniform color (480,482,483,485,489-495), less nitrite required or lower nitrite levels (480,482,496-500), better flavor, and less rancidity. To emphasize the importance of the ascorbic acid application in lowering the residual nitrite levels in cured meat, the data of Brown et al. (497) may be examined (Table XVII). Other additives to accompany the ascorbic acid treatment of meat have been suggested. Boren-stein and Smith (501, 502) reported the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or its salt (preferably Fe) in combination with ascorbate and with nitrite or nitric oxide to accelerate the formation of cured meat color. Other additives (503-506) cited with ascorbic acid were cysteine (505), glutamate (504), histidine (500), niacin, niacinamide (504,505, 506), phosphates (503), and succinate (504). 

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