Acyl coenzyme A

Figure C2.5.5. Native stmcture of acyl-coenzyme A binding protein (first NMR stmcture out of 29 deposited to PDB). The figure was created using RasMol 2.6 [8],...

Two acyl coenzyme A molecules (R and R may be the same or they may be different)... 

Hydrolysis of the phosphate ester function of the phosphatidic acid gives a diacylglycerol which then reacts with a third acyl coenzyme A molecule to produce a triacylglycerol... 

Acyl-coenzyme A Synthase [from beef liver] [9013-18-7] 57,000, [EC 6.2.1.2]. 

Two particularly interesting aspects of the pyruvate carboxylase reaction are (a) allosteric activation of the enzyme by acyl-coenzyme A derivatives and (b) compartmentation of the reaction in the mitochondrial matrix. The carboxy-lation of biotin requires the presence (at an allosteric site) of acetyl-coenzyme A or other acylated coenzyme A derivatives. The second half of the carboxylase reaction—the attack by pyruvate to form oxaloacetate—is not affected by CoA derivatives. 

Acyl-CoA synthetases are enzymes (i.e., ligases) that convert fatty acid molecules into acyl-Coenzyme A molecules for their subsequent oxidation. 

Tocotrienols present in rice bran inhibit the liver microsomal enzyme HMGCoA reductase (Qureshi and Qureshi, 1992), the key enzyme involved in the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol, and this helps to lower the circulating cholesterol. Inhibition of another enzyme, ACAT (Acyl coenzyme A acyl transferase), by y-oryzanol results in lowered LDL-C synthesis and enrichment... 

Eall RR, ML Hector (1977) Acyl-coenzyme A carboxylases. Homologous 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA and geranyl-CoA carboxylases from Pseudomonas citronellis. Biochemistry 16 4000-4005. 

Acyl-coenzyme A compounds, which, because of their high acetyl group transfer potential represent carriers of activated acyl groups in biological systems, are prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acid, CDI, and coenzyme a.[4h5],[177],[182],[183]... 

Kragelund, B.B., Andersen, K.V., Madsen, J.C., Knudsen, J. and Poulsen, F.M. (1993) Three-dimensional structure of the complex between acyl-coenzyme A binding protein and palmitoyl-coenzyme A. Journal of Molecular Biology 230, 1260-1277. 

R, Fruchart J-C, Dallongeville J. Fibrates downregulate apolipoprotein C-III expression independent of induction of peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A oxidase. J Clin Invest 1995 95 705-712. 

The official name of this gene is "acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 8."... 

Thiolester hydrolases (EC 3.1.2) play an important role in the biochemistry of lipids. They catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-coenzyme A thiolesters of various chain lengths to free fatty acids and coenzyme A. The current list of over 20 specific enzymes includes acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1), pal-mi toy 1-Co A hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.2), and an acyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.20) of broad specificity for medium- to long-chain acyl-CoA [128],... 

L. L. Gallo, S. B. Clark, S. Myers, G. V. Vahouny, Cholesterol Absorption in Rat Intestine Role of Cholesterol Esterase and Acyl Coenzyme A Cholesterol Acyltransferase , J. Lipid Res. 1984, 25, 604-612. 

T. F. Woolf, A. Black, Y. Y. Shum, W. Mcnally, H. Lee, T. Chang, BioDisposion Studies with the Acyl-Coenzyme-A-Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor 2,2-Dimethyl-V-(2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyfidodecanamide, CI-976 , Drug Metab. Dispos. 1993, 21, 1112-1118. 

Thioesters play a paramount biochemical role in the metabolism of fatty acids and lipids. Indeed, fatty acyl-coenzyme A thioesters are pivotal in fatty acid anabolism and catabolism, in protein acylation, and in the synthesis of triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesterol esters [145], It is in these reactions that the peculiar reactivity of thioesters is of such significance. Many hydrolases, and mainly mitochondrial thiolester hydrolases (EC 3.1.2), are able to cleave thioesters. In addition, cholinesterases and carboxylesterases show some activity, but this is not a constant property of these enzymes since, for example, carboxylesterases from human monocytes were found to be inactive toward some endogenous thioesters [35] [146], In contrast, allococaine benzoyl thioester was found to be a good substrate of pig liver esterase, human and mouse butyrylcholinesterase, and mouse acetylcholinesterase [147],... 

Puglielli, L., Konopka, G., Pack-Chung, E., Ingano, L.A., Berezovska, O., Hyman, B.T., Chang, T.Y., Tanzi, R.E., and Kovacs, D.M., Acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase modulates the generation of the amyloid beta-peptide, Nat. Cell Biol., 3, 905, 2001. 

Ferredoxins (Fds) are widespread in the three domains of life and an abundance of sequence data and structural information are available for Fds isolated from several sources. In particular, the bacterial type Fds are small electron-transfer proteins that posses cubane xFe-yS clusters attached to the protein matrix by Fe ligation of Cys via a conserved consensus ligating sequence. The archaeal type ferredoxins are water-soluble electron acceptors for the acyl-coenzyme A forming 2-oxoacid/ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a key enzyme involved in the central archaeal metabolic pathways. Fds have been distinguished according to the number of iron and inorganic sulphur atoms, 2Fe-2S, 4Fe-4S/3Fe-4S (Fig. Ib-d) and Zn-containing Fds. 

This enzyme [EC 2.3.1.26], also known as sterol O-acyl-transferase, sterol-ester synthase, and cholesterol acyl-transferase, catalyzes the reaction of an acyl-coenzyme A derivative with cholesterol to produce coenzyme A and the cholesterol ester. The animal enzyme is highly specific for transfer of acyl groups having a single cis double bond at C9. 

Table I. Phenolic Acid Esters Formed via Intermediate Acyl-Coenzyme A Esters...

For readers unfamihar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamihar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. We hope these resources wih prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. 

In this chapter, we wiU show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. For those interested in basic information about medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, we begin with a condition summary pubhshed by the National Library of Medicine. 

Genetics Home Reference (GHR) is the National Library of Medicine s Web site for consumer information about genetic conditions and the genes or chromosomes responsible for those conditions. Here you can find a condition summary on medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency that describes the major features of the condition, provides information about the condition s genetic basis, and explains its pattern of inheritance. In addition, a summary of the gene or chromosome related to medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is provided. ... 

The Genetics Home Reference has recently published the following summary for medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ... 

What Is Medium-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency ... 

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