Acyl coenzyme A synthase

Acyl-coenzyme A Synthase [from beef liver] [9013-18-7] 57,000, [EC 6.2.1.2]. 

Acetyl-coenzyme A Synthase see Acyl-coenzyme A Synthase (below). 

Acyl-coenzyme A Synthase (from yeast) [9012-31-1] Mr 151,000, [EC 6.2.1.1]. This enzyme has been purified by extraction into phosphate buffer pH 6.8-7.0 containing 2-mercaptoethanol and... 

This enzyme [EC 2.3.1.26], also known as sterol O-acyl-transferase, sterol-ester synthase, and cholesterol acyl-transferase, catalyzes the reaction of an acyl-coenzyme A derivative with cholesterol to produce coenzyme A and the cholesterol ester. The animal enzyme is highly specific for transfer of acyl groups having a single cis double bond at C9. 

Miziorko HM, Lane MD, Weidman SW. 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-glutaryl coenzyme-A synthase-use of a spin-labeled probe to study acyl coenzyme-A binding. Biochemistry 1979 18 399-403. 

Li, F Wu, X Lam, P Bird, D Zheng, H Samuels, L Jetter, R Kimst, L. Identification of the wax ester synthase/acyl-coenzyme A Diacylglycerol acyltransferase WSDl required for stem wax ester biosynthesis m. Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 2008, 148, 97-107. 

AGP carrier of acyl groups in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. This protein (9000 Daltons) is central to the fatty acid synthase complex and binds covalently to the acyl intermediates. The acyl derivative is often represented as acyl-ACP. See also acyl coenzyme A. 

In accordance with the results of a previous report (Murata et al, 1997) that DAG feeding up-regulated acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase (AGO) activity in the liver of rats, Murase et al. (2001) found that AGO and acyl-GoA synthase... 

The fatty acid synthase protein is known to contain an acyl carrier protein (ACP) binding site, and also an active-site cysteine residue in the P-ketoacyl synthase domain. Acetyl and malonyl gronps are successively transferred from coenzyme A esters and attached to the thiol groups of Cys and ACP. 

Each subunit of the enzyme binds acetyl residues as thioesters at two different SH groups at one peripheral cysteine residue (CysSH) and one central 4-phosphopante-theine group (Pan-SH). Pan-SH, which is very similar to coenzyme A (see p. 12), is covalently bound to a protein segment of the synthase known as the acyl-carrier protein (ACP). This part functions like a long arm that passes the substrate from one reaction center to the next. The two subunits of fatty acid synthase cooperate in this process the enzyme is therefore only capable of functioning as a dimer. 

This enzyme [EC 2.3.1.38], also referred to as acetyl-CoA [acyl-carrier protein] 5-acetyltransferase, transfers an acetyl group from one acetyl-CoA to an acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) to form free coenzyme A and the acetyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]. See also Fatty Add Synthase... 

The mechanism for bacterial synthesis of PHA is not the simple dehydration reaction between alcohol and carboxyl groups. It is more complicated and involves the coenzyme A thioester derivative of the hydroxyalkanoic acid monomer (produced from the organic feedstock available to the bacteria) [Kamachi et al., 2001], Growth involves an acyl transfer reaction catalyzed by the enzyme PHA synthase (also called a polymerase) [Blei and Odian,... 

Pantothenic acid (8.48), a hydroxyamide, occurs mainly in liver, yeast, vegetables, and milk, but also in just about every other food source, as its name implies [pantos (Greek) = everywhere]. It is part of coenzyme A, the acyl-transporting enzyme of the Krebs cycle and lipid syntheses, as well as a constituent of the acyl carrier protein in the fatty-acid synthase enzyme complex. 

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