Palmitoyl-coenzyme

Kragelund, B.B., Andersen, K.V., Madsen, J.C., Knudsen, J. and Poulsen, F.M. (1993) Three-dimensional structure of the complex between acyl-coenzyme A binding protein and palmitoyl-coenzyme A. Journal of Molecular Biology 230, 1260-1277. 

Treatment of five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with 1000 mg/kg bw di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate per day by gavage for 14 days caused increased relative liver weight and hepatic peroxisome proliferation (Lake et al., 1984). In addition, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate treatment induced cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) oxidation activity and microsomal lauric acid 12-hydroxylase activity in the... 

In hepatocytes isolated from rats and mice, treatment of primary cultures with metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate increased peroxisomal palmitoyl-coenzyme A oxidation activity. The same treatment of primary cultures of hepatocytes from guinea-pigs and marmosets failed to cause any similar increase in activity. 

The hepatic effects of cinnamyl anthranilate were evaluated in male CD 1 mice and male Fischer 344 rats treated by intraperitoneal injection for three consecutive days (Viswalingam Caldwell, 1997). At doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg bw per day, relative liver weights of mice increased by 22% and 50%, respectively, 24 h after the final dose and peroxisomal (cyanide-insensitive) palmitoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) oxidation activity increased fivefold at both levels. Microsomal lauric acid 11- and 12-hydroxylase activity (CYP4A) was increased 15-fold at 100 mg/kg bw per day and 17-fold at 1000 mg/kg bw per day. Limited evaluation indicated that cirmamyl anthmilate increased the size and number of peroxisomes in electron micrographs of hepatocytes of treated mice. In rats, relative liver weights and peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation activity were significantly increased only at 1000 mg/kg bw per day (22% and twofold, respectively). 

Acetyl coenzyme A Acetoacetyl coenzyme A Palmitoyl coenzyme A... 

Palmitoyl-coenzyme A Widespread Brassica napus (rape) G-b-P-TR (rape piastid)... 

Fig. 16. Effect of palmitoyl-coenzyme A on reduction of chromophores at 475 minus 510 nm in ETP via NADPH to NAD transhydrogenation. Conditions ETP, 22 mg protein/ml NADPH, 60 /iM NADH, 60 nM NAD, 140 tiM sodium succinate, 1.75 mAf piericidin A, 5.3 iiM antimycin A, 1 nM 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), 1 mJVf palmitoyl-CoA (P-CoA), 200 /xM. From Hatefi and Hanstein (80).

Miyazaki, M., Bruggink, S.M., Ntambi, J.M. 2006. Identification of mouse palmitoyl-coenzyme A delta9-desaturase. J. Lipid Res. 47 700-704. 

Sesamin has been associated with the reduction of serum and liver lipids (Hirose etal., 1991,1996 Ide etal., 2001 Yasumoto etal., 2001). Hirose etal. (1991) reported that sesamin decreased lymphatic absorption of cholesterol. Sesamin was found to be a promoter of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in rats (Ashakumary et al., 1999). Addition of a 1 1 mixture of sesamin and episesamin to the diet of rats (0.1-0.5% of total diet) promoted mitochondrial and peroxisomal palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidation rates in a dose-dependent manner. Rats fed diets containing 0.5% sesamin had 2 fold higher mitochondrial activity and 10 fold higher peroxisomal activity than rats fed non-sesamin diets. Yasumoto et al. (2001) reported similar findings when a 20% sesame seed diet was fed to rats. These authors compared two experimental sesame seed lines (0730 and 0732) with the commercial cultivar Masekin. Both experimental seed lines enhanced mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation rates, and were more effective than the commercial cultivar at reducing plasma triacylglycerol levels (Yasumoto et al., 2001). A study of the effects of dietary sesamin on the hepatic metabolism of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in rats showed similar increases in hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (Sawada et al., 2001). 

McNeil, N. Burgess, and D.R. Thomas, Carnitine long-chain acyltrans-ferase and oxidation of palmitate, palmitoyl coenzyme A and palmitoyl-... 

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