Activity spectrum table

The choice of solid carriers spans a wide spectrum (Table 1) from materials most suitable for research purposes (sintered glass beads, laterite stone deposited on a gramophone disk) to industrial materials (pumice, activated carbon, etc.). Key properties that affect the performance of the carrier are porosity (from impervious to controlled-size pores), composition (from ceramics to activated carbon), and hydrophilic behavior. It is difficult to perform a direct comparison of different carriers. Colonization and biofilm growth depend strongly on the nature of bacteria and on their intrinsic propensity to adhere on hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic surfaces. 

Examination of the mass spectrum (Table V, 7) showed that the correct molecular formula was C21H24N2O2, excluding a C20 akuam-micine-like skeleton, and peaks at m/e 92, 107, and 135 were similar to those encountered in vindolinine (CVI, 3) which has an aspidospermine-like skeleton with 6,7-double bond. The presence of such a nonconjugated double bond had already been shown by catalytic hydrogenation to 6,7-dihydrotabersonine (XCIII, an optically active form of vincadiffor-mine which has identical IR-, NMR-, and mass spectra) in which the UV-spectrum remained similar to that of the parent alkaloid (64, 7). Moreover, the NMR-spectrum of tabersonine (XCII) showed a peak due to two vinyl protons which disappeared in the dihydro derivative... 

On the other hand, analysis of table 1 shows that the glucose derepressed mutant Candida molischiana 35M5N isolated by Janbon et al. [13] is able to produce large quantities of p-glucosidases with interesting properties. The enzyme has got a wide activity spectrum, an optimum pH of 3.5 and is very stable at low pH value (78% activity recovered after 145 h at pH 3.5, 30°C). The enzyme is also stable in the presence of ethanol. Thus, this enzyme was naturally chosen to develop an enzymatic system able to enhance the aromatic quality of wines. 

Experience has shown that much stronger acids are formed when two oxides whose cations have different coordination numbers or oxidation states are combined. Such catalysts with a broad activity spectrum are listed in Table 5-29. The acid... 

Fludioxonil was introduced in 1990 as a foliar fungicide and for seed treatment [15, 16]. It provides broad-spectrum activity across all fungal classes except oomy-cetes, especially against species of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, MonMnia, Pmicillium and Botrytis cinerea. Table 15.2.2 gives an overview of the in vitro activity spectrum of fludioxonil. 

Bifenazate shows a broad activity spectrum on phytophagous mites such as Tetra-nychus spp. Eutetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp. and Panonychus spp. Compared with propargite the compound is 30-100-fold more active against adults, nymphs and larvae, e.g., of Tetranychus urticae (in cowpeas) [3] (Table 30.2.4). 

IPA exhibits an extremely broad activity spectrum covering fungi, yeasts and bacteria. However, IPA is approximately 10 times more effective against fungi and yeasts than against bacteria (see Table 7). 

As the formaldehyde contained in MBIT can be determined by quantitative analysis using the Tannenbaum method, it is not surprising that the range of activity of MBIT is such that gaps observed in the effective spectrum of MBT are successfully filled. The regularity of the activity spectrum of MBTT is demonstrated in Table 38, the efficacy of MBTT against Pseudomonades is 15-fold higher than that of MBT. 

Table 43 presents an overview of the activity spectrum of phenol derivatives which have gained especial importance as microbicides. 

The MICs in Table 43 show the efficiency of PCMX and the broadness of its activity spectrum. 

OPP exhibits microbicidal effects in water at concentrations listed in Table 58. There is no gap in the activity spectrum of OPP, which covers bacteria, yeasts and fungi, although the efficacy of OPP against Pseudomonades is not that distinctive. 

The minimum inhibition concentrations of PCP listed in Table 43 demonstrate its extraordinary broad and equalized activity spectrum. Moreover PCP exhibits strong algicidal effectiveness in concentrations of 2-5-5 mg/litre. It is indeed more than a simple microbicide, namely a biocide that is also highly toxic for plants, fish, molluscs, insects and mammals. 

The minimum inhibition concentrations for Dichlorophen in Table 43 enlighten the activity spectrum of the compound obviously there is a gap for Pseudo-monades. The efficacy against yeasts and fungi is, however, strong and equalized. The optimal pH for bactericidal activity is 5-6. At that pH Staphylococcus aureus is killed totally at 20°C within 10 min through 250 mg Dichlorophen/litre. However, in the presence of serum the bactericidal concentration of Dichlorophen is much higher (>1000 mg/litre). There is a big discrepancy between bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity the latter is especially distinctive at pH 8. 

Dichlofluanide has a broad spectrum of activity (see Table 110) which also covers mercury resistant Penicillium species, but not Trichoderma viride. It is particularly effective against wood-staining fungi (blue stain mould) and therefore one of the most important fungicides in non-film forming decorative wood stains, in wood coatings and primers. 

The microbial efficacy and activity spectrum of CTAB is demonstrated by the microbicidal concentrations of CTAB for different species of bacteria, yeasts and fungi (Wallhausser, 1984) in Table 119. 

In comparision to other members of the imidazolinone series, the pj lopyridines are quite active. In Table 3, two of the more active compounds in this series, 32a and 32b, are compared to AC 252,214. The broad spectrum weed control demonstrate by these compounds is comparable to this commercial standard. All three compounds display crop safety in soybeans. 

The MIC s listed in Table 12 demonstrate the broad activity spectrum of glutaraldehyde. 

The MIC s listed in Table 34 show the breadth of the activity spectrum of the oxazolidine derivative. For each test organism is stated the highest concentration showing growth and the lowest concentration showing no growth. 

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