Activity Against Algae

Sodium roccellate (10 M) increased the growth of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) 314). Some lichen acids stimulated temporarily leakage of organic substances from Trebouxia erici cells 703). (—)-Usnic acid inhibited the growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii 636). 

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In US corn field trials, terbuthylazine was less efficacious than atrazine on certain broadleaf and grassy weeds. Therefore, terbuthylazine was not sold in the United States for use on com. Due to terbuthylazine s activity against algae, it was registered in the United States in 1986 for use as an algicide and microbiostat in water coolant systems. 

An unusual nitrophenol (C14H13N5O5, Mr 331.29, mp. 226.227 °C) isolated from the bryozoa Phidolopora pacifica. P. has antifungal and antibacterial activities and is also active against algae (e. g. the diatom Cylin-drothecafusiformis). 

R. 5 -carboxylic acid (d) (schizoflavin 1, vitamin B2 acid), C 7H,8N407, Mr 390.35, yellow needles, mp. 250 °C, from Schizophyllum commune and other ba-sidiomycetes, is active against algae Chartonella anti-gua). 

For an ideal film fungicide, activity gaps should not exist. Further tests in the cascade are often tests in accordance to EN 152-1 (European Standard EN 152-1, 1988) and tests in dispersion paints based on poly vinylacetate, styrol-acrylate and acrylate. An ideal film fungicide should furthermore show no leaching, a good UV stability and activity against algae. 

In 1990, Moore et al. reported the isolation of S-cyano-h-methoxy-ll-methyl-indolo[2,3-fl]carbazole (357), along with a minor component, 6-cyano-5-methoxy-indolo[2,3-fl]carbazole (358), from the blue-green alga Nostoc sphaericum EX-5-1 (340). These were the first, naturally occurring, indolo[2,3-fl]carbazole alkaloids with a simple indolo[2,3-fl]carbazole (356) framework (Scheme 2.92). These alkaloids are moderately active against herpes simplex virus type 2 and are weakly cytotoxic against murine and human cancer cell lines (340). 

A number of unusual cyclic polysulfides showing antibiotic activity against bacteria and fungi have been isolated from the red alga Chondria aalifomica ( ) and from the mushroom Lentinue edodes ( ). Both 34 (1,2,4,6-tetrathiepane) and 35 (1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane or lenthionine) have been isolated from both sources, while 1,2,3,4,5,6 -hexathiepane, 36, was obtained from the mushroom and 27 (1,2,4-trithiolane), 2 (1,2,4-trithiolane 4-oxide),... 

Jaspamide (17), previously mentioned in Section 17.3, is a modified peptide isolated from a Jaspis sponge. Jaspamide shows insecticidal activity against Heliothis virescens with an LCS0 of 4 ppm, as compared to 1 ppm for azadirachtin. Jaspamide (17), showed more than 72% mortality at 100 ppm to both southern com rootworm and tobacco budworm. Iso-domoic acids A (40), B, and C are novel amino acids from the red alga Chondria armata. They... 

Welwitindolinone A isonitrile (117) from the blue-green alga Hapalosiphon welwiischii is active against Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium notation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes [93]. 

Parguerol triacetate (154) and deoxyparguerol acetate (155), diterpenoids from the red alga Laurencia saitoi, show potent feeding-deterrent activity against the herbivorous abalone Haliotis discus hannai and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus [120]. 

New vancomycin-type glycopeptide antibiotics are in clinical trials to combat methicillin-resistant bacteria (2612, 2613) such as the deadly Staphylococcus aureus (2614). For the first time, extracts of marine algae indigenous to Japan have shown activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (2615, 2661). The therapeutic use of iodine has been rejuvenated (2616). For example, in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia (2617). 

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