Active protection systems

The extent and capacity of the firefighting system and associated equipment for a facility should be based upon the assumption that only one major fire will occur at any one time. 

Seawater can also provide an unlimited supply but can be corrosive to piping. The potential for corrosion can be reduced if seawater is accounted for in the design and provisions for flushing are included. 

Quite often jetties are fitted with their own water pumps, taking suction into the sea or river. The jetty fire water grid is often connected to the main plant fire water system as a backup. Care should be taken to avoid seawater corrosion of the main site fire water system. 

Automatic refilling using an automatic float valve should be provided. A maximum refill time of 8-hours is recommended (NFPA 22). Low-level alarms to protect the pumping unit should be provided. Suction pits associated with reservoirs should be monitored by level alarms to detect suction screen plugging. 

A municipal water system could be the source of an unlimited water supply. Reliability should be investigated, based on frequency of interruption and 

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In conclusion, the formation of spiro-aziridine only showed efficient selectivity with furan from derivatives. Following a three-step sequence, the (R)-and (5)- spiro-aziridines were prepared in 73% and 30% yield, respectively. Further steps using a N-ortho-nosyl activation/protection system afforded the corresponding endo-spiro-OZTs in overall 20% and 41%, respectively. 

Defining the active protection systems needed to limit/control fire spread. 

Active Protection Systems Table 7-10 Protection for Open-Top Floating Roof Tanks 215... 

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