Active protection systems positioning

The position of the radionuclide in the molecule of interest is also critical as it will affect the biological behavior of the radiopharmaceutical. Chemical reactions must be designed to be stereospecific in many cases, as the production of a mixture of different stereoisomers complicates the purification of the final radiopharmaceutical. Synthesis procedures must also be easy to automate, as very elevated activities are used for the synthesis of PET radiopharmaceuticals (several curies usually) and appropriate radiation protection systems must be used. 

The driver and his behavior are of high relevance for the genesis of an accident (see Sect. 1.1, p. 1) as well as for the evaluation of changes in traffic safety by means of simulation (see Chap. 3). The change in driver behavior (e.g., particular reaction times) due to an active safety system can be derived by comparing use versus non-use of a system and serves as input for simulations as described in the previous chapter. To this end, driver behavior in response to a preventive pedestrian protection system (short system) and his acceptance of specific system actions (especially false-positive responses) are investigated. The contents of this chapter are also partly included in [1, 2]. 

The active components of the protection system are scram actuators for six compensation groups of the control rods. The reactor is shut down and kept in a sub critical state at deviations of the reactor installation parameters from normal values thanks to the movement of all six compensation groups to the lower position, resulting in a sub-criticality of Ap = -0.17. The reactor sub-criticality is also ensured if any two compensation groups are stuck in the upper position. The control rods move down driven by a spring load and gravity. 

Provide damper mechanical position stop to prevent complete closure of damper Eliminate flammables or combustibles Provide inert atmosphere Design ventilation system to keep flammable concentration below lower flammable limit Install on-line flammable gas detection system that activates an inerting system Provide automatic sprinkler protection Use deflagration vents... 

A full functional wet test of the deluge system is normally accomplished. This test ensures coverage and density patterns are being achieved. A calculated collection pan can be provided during the testing to confirm the density rate per minute. The mechanism to activate the deluge should be tested under conditions that will simulate as real as can be reasonably obtained. Where equipment to be protected is not normally in place, i.e., ships, trucks or rail cars, the test should not be conducted until they are in their normal position during operations. 

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